Existence of solutions of polynomial-like iterative equation with discontinuous known functions
Rate of growth of functions, orders of infinity, slowly varying functions (26A12) Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Fixed-point theorems (47H10)
The authors study the existence of solutions of polynomial-like iterative equation \(\lambda_{1}f(x)+\lambda_{2}f^{2}(x)+\dots+\lambda_{n}f^{n}(x)=F(x)\), \(x\in I\), with discontinuous known functions. Let \(I=[a, b]\). Then the authors consider the set \[ \mathcal{F}=\{f \mid f : I \rightarrow I \text{ is strictly increasing,} \; f(a)=a \text{ and } f(b)=b\}, \] which contains continuous and discontinuous functions. They define the following three classes of ``good functions. For a given \(t\in \operatorname{int} (I)\) define: \begin{gather*} \mathcal{C}_{t}(I) :=\{f \mid f \in\mathcal{F}(I) \text{ is continuous on } I \text{ and } f(t)=t\}, \\ \tilde{\mathcal{C}}_{t}(I) :=\{f \mid f \in\mathcal{F}(I) \text{ is continuous on } \operatorname{int} I \text{ and } f(t)=t\}, \\ \mathcal{H}_{t}(I) :=\{f \mid f \in \mathcal{F}(I) \text{ is discontinuous exactly at point } t \text{ and } f(t)=t\}. \end{gather*} The authors show that if \(f_{1}, f_{2} \in \mathcal{C}_{t}\), then \(f_{1} \circ f_{2} \in\mathcal{C}_{t}\). Similarly, if \(f_{1}, f_{2} \in \mathcal{H}_{t}\), then \(f_{1} \circ f_{2} \in\mathcal{H}_{t}\). Further, the authors introduce piecewise bi-Lipschitz functions and construct a functional space consisting of such functions. They denote the subclasses of all functions \(f\) from \(\mathcal{C}_{t}(I)\) and from \(\mathcal{H}_{t}(I)\) by \(\mathcal{A}_{t}(I, m, M)\) and \(\mathcal{B}_{t}(I, m, M)\) respectively. Moreover, \(\mathcal{G}_{t}(I, m, M)=\mathcal{A}_{t}(I, m, M) \cup\mathcal{B}_{t}(I, m, M)\). They show that the set \(\mathcal{G}_{t}(I, m, M)\) endowed with the distance \(\mathcal{D}(f_{1}, f_{2})=\sup\{|f_{1}(x)-f_{2}(x)|, x\in I\}\) is a complete metric space. Then they define the operator \(\mathcal{T}: \mathcal{G}_{t}(I, m, M) \rightarrow\mathcal{F}(I)\) as \[\mathcal{T}f=\frac{1}{\lambda_{1}}\bigg(F-\sum_{i=2}^{n}\lambda_{i}f^{i}\bigg)\] and prove the existence of solutions by means of the Banach fixed point principle. An example to justify their main results is discussed.
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