On the conductor of cohomological transforms

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Publication:2046372



Abstract: In the analytic study of trace functions of ell-adic sheaves over finite fields, a crucial issue is to control the conductor of sheaves constructed in various ways. We consider cohomological transforms on the affine line over a finite field which have trace functions given by linear operators with an additive character of a rational function in two variables as a kernel. We prove that the conductor of such a transform is bounded in terms of the complexity of the input sheaf and of the rational function defining the kernel, and discuss applications of this result, including motivating examples arising from the Polymath8 project.


The authors define the conductor \(\mathbb{C}(\mathcal F)\) of an \(\ell\)-adic sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) over \(\mathbb{A}^1_{\mathbb{F}_q}\) to measure the complexity of \(\mathcal{F}\), in the sense that applying certain cohomological transform \(T\) will lead to another sheaf \(T\mathcal F\) with the coductor \(\mathbb{C}(T\mathcal F)\) bounded only in terms of \(\mathbb{C}(\mathcal F)\). The motivion of this result is its arithmetic interpretation on trace functions [\textit{É. Fouvry} et al., Geom. Funct. Anal. 25, No. 2, 580--657 (2015; Zbl 1344.11036)]. A joint work [``Quantitative sheaf theory, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2101.00635}] by \textit{W. Sawin} et al. has generalized the main result to \(\ell\)-adic sheaves on quasi-projective schemes by using Beilinson's singular support and Saito's characteristic cycles [\textit{T. Saito}, Invent. Math. 207, No. 2, 597--695 (2017; Zbl 1437.14016)]. Readers with a more analytical background may still find this paper helpful as an illustration of the formalism of etale cohomology, as the authors pointed out.











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