Vectors of type II Hermite-Padé approximations and a new linear independence criterion

DOI10.1007/S10231-021-01104-7MaRDI QIDQ2048664zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Raffaele Marcovecchio

Publication date 23 August 2021

Published in Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11260

zbMATH Keywords

difference equationsorthogonal polynomialslinear independencematrices and determinantssimultaneous approximations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Matrices, determinants in number theory (11C20) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Applications of difference equations (39A60) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05) Simultaneous approximation (41A28) Irrationality; linear independence over a field (11J72)

Abstract: We propose a linear independence criterion, and outline an application of it. Down to its simplest case, it aims at solving this problem: given three real numbers, typically as special values of analytic functions, how to prove that the $mathbbQ$-vector space spanned by $1$ and those three numbers has dimension at least 3, whenever we are unable to achieve full linear independence, by using simultaneous approximations, i.e. those usually arising from Hermite-Pad'e approximations of type II and their suitable generalizations. It should be recalled that approximations of type I and II are related, at least in principle: when the numerical application consists in specializing actual functional constructions of the two types, they can be obtained, one from the other, as explained in a well-known paper by K.Mahler [34]. That relation is reflected in a relation between the asymptotic behavior of the approximations at the infinite place of $mathbbQ$. Rather interestingly, the two view-points split away regarding the asymptotic behaviors at finite places (i.e. primes) of $mathbbQ$, and this makes the use of type II more convenient for particular purposes. In addition, sometimes we know type II approximations to a given set of functions, for which type I approximations are not known explicitly. Our approach can be regarded as a dual version of the standard linear independence criterion, which goes back to Siegel.

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• PARI/GP

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