Linear independence of values of G-functions

Asymptotic approximations, asymptotic expansions (steepest descent, etc.) (41A60) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Irrationality; linear independence over a field (11J72)

Abstract: Given any non-polynomial

G

-function

F (z) = s u m_{k = 0}^{i} n f t y A_{k} z^{k}

of radius of convergence

R

, we consider the

G

-functions

F_{n}^{[s]} (z) = s u m_{k = 0}^{i} n f t y f r a c A_{k} (k + n)^{s} z^{k}

for any integers

s g e q 0

and

n g e q 1

. For any fixed algebraic number

a l p h a

such that

0 e x t l e s s v e r t a l p h a v e r t e x t l e s s R

and any number field

m a t h b b K

containing

a l p h a

and the

A_{k}

's, we define

P h i_{a l p h a, S}

as the

m a t h b b K

-vector space generated by the values

F_{n}^{[s]} (a l p h a)

,

n g e 1

and

0 l e q s l e q S

. We prove that

u_{m a t h b b K, F} l o g (S) l e q d i m_{m a t h b b K} (P h i_{a l p h a, S}) l e q v_{F} S

for any

S

, with effective constants

u_{m a t h b b K, F} e x t g r e a t e r 0

and

v_{F} e x t g r e a t e r 0

, and that the family

(F_{n}^{[s]} (a l p h a))_{1 l e n l e v_{F}, s g e 0}

contains infinitely many irrational numbers. This theorem applies in particular when

F

is an hypergeometric series with rational parameters or a multiple polylogarithm, and it encompasses a previous result by the second author and Marcovecchio in the case of polylogarithms. The proof relies on an explicit construction of Pad'e-type approximants. It makes use of results of Andr'e, Chudnovsky and Katz on

G

-operators, of a new linear independence criterion `a la Nesterenko over number fields, of singularity analysis as well as of the saddle point method.

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