A generic approach to measuring the strength of completeness/compactness of various types of spaces and ordered structures

DOI10.1007/S13398-020-00984-3zbMATH Open1476.54001arXiv1905.09930OpenAlexW3180211398MaRDI QIDQ2050189FDOQ2050189

Authors: Hanna Ćmiel, Franz-Viktor Kuhlmann, Katarzyna Kuhlmann 

Publication date: 30 August 2021

Published in: Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: With a simple generic approach, we develop a classification that encodes and measures the strength of completeness (or compactness) properties in various types of spaces and ordered structures. The approach also allows us to encode notions of functions being contractive in these spaces and structures. As a sample of possible applications we discuss metric spaces, ultrametric spaces, ordered groups and fields, topological spaces, partially ordered sets, and lattices. We describe several notions of completeness in these spaces and structures and determine their respective strengths. In order to illustrate some consequences of the levels of strength, we give examples of generic fixed point theorems which then can be specialized to theorems in various applications which work with contracting functions and some completeness property of the underlying space. Ball spaces are nonempty sets of nonempty subsets of a given set. They are called spherically complete if every chain of balls has a nonempty intersection. This is all that is needed for the encoding of completeness notions. We discuss operations on the sets of balls to determine when they lead to larger sets of balls; if so, then the properties of the so obtained new ball spaces are determined. The operations can lead to increased level of strength, or to ball spaces of newly constructed structures, such as products. Further, the general framework makes it possible to transfer concepts and approaches from one application to the other; as examples we discuss theorems analogous to the Knaster--Tarski Fixed Point Theorem for lattices and theorems analogous to the Tychonoff Theorem for topological spaces.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09930

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zbMATH Keywords

compactnessmetric spacecompletenessfixed-point theoremsultrametric spaceTychonoff theoremball space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Partial orders, general (06A06) Ordered abelian groups, Riesz groups, ordered linear spaces (06F20) Fixed-point theorems (47H10) Special maps on topological spaces (open, closed, perfect, etc.) (54C10) Set-valued maps in general topology (54C60) Fixed-point and coincidence theorems (topological aspects) (54H25) Topological spaces and generalizations (closure spaces, etc.) (54A05) Compactness (54D30) Complete metric spaces (54E50) Axiom of choice and related propositions (03E25) Ordered fields (12J15) General valuation theory for fields (12J20)

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Cited In (4)

• Applications of ball spaces theory: fixed point theorems in semimetric spaces and ball convergence
• The Collins-Roscoe structuring mechanism, \(D\)-spaces and related topics
• Caristi-Kirk and Oettli-Théra ball spaces and applications
• Categorical interpretations of cryptomorphisms and maps arising from matroidal and combinatorial contexts

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