Ramanujan-like formulae for and 1/ via Gould-Hsu inverse series relations

DOI10.1007/S11139-020-00337-ZMaRDI QIDQ2054716zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 3 December 2021

Published in The Ramanujan Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11139-020-00337-z

classical hypergeometric series Gould-Hsu inverse series relations infinite series expression for \(\pi\)Pfaff-Saalschütz summation theorem Ramanujan's series for \(1/\pi\)

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Generalized hypergeometric series, ({}_pF_q) (33C20) Hypergeometric integrals and functions defined by them ((E), (G), (H) and (I) functions) (33C60)

Review text

\textit{H. W. Gould} and \textit{L. C. Hsu} [Duke Math. J. 40, 885--891 (1973; Zbl 0281.05008)] discovered a useful pair of inverse series relations, which can be stated as follows. Let \(\{a_k,b_k\}\) be two sequences and \[\varphi(x;0)\equiv 1\quad \text{and}\quad \varphi(x;n)=\prod_{k=0}^{n-1}(a_k+xb_k).\] Then there holds the inverse series relations: \begin{align*} f(n)=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\binom{n}{k}\varphi(k;n)g(k),\\ g(n)=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\binom{n}{k}\frac{a_k+kb_k}{\varphi(n;k+1)}f(k). \end{align*} In this paper under review, the author utilizes the multiplicate forms of Gould-Hsu inverse series relations to the Pfaff-Saalschütz summation theorem to establish several interesting infinite series for \(\pi\) and \(1/\pi\), including the following three typical ones due to Ramanujan: \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{6k+1}{4^k}\frac{(1/2)_k^3}{(1)_k^3}=\frac{4}{\pi},\\ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{20k+3}{(-4)^k}\frac{(1/2)_k(1/4)_k(3/4)_k}{(1)_k^3}=\frac{8}{\pi},\\ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{42k+5}{64^k}\frac{(1/2)_k^3}{(1)_k^3}=\frac{16}{\pi}. \end{align*}

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