Rotations of the polarization of a gravitational wave propagating in universe

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2021.115578zbMATH Open1480.83031arXiv2010.09224OpenAlexW3207046993MaRDI QIDQ2057790FDOQ2057790

Authors: Jia-Xi Feng, Fu-Wen Shu, Anzhong Wang 

Publication date: 7 December 2021

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we study the polarization of a gravitational wave (GW) emitted by an astrophysical source at a cosmic distance propagating through the Friedmann-Lema^itre-Robertson-Walk universe. By considering the null geodesic deviations, we first provide a definition of the polarization of the GW in terms of the Weyl scalars with respect to a parallelly-transported frame along the null geodesics, and then show explicitly that, due to different effects of the expansion of the universe on the two polarization modes, the so-called "+" and "$imes$" modes, the polarization angle of the GW changes generically, when it is propagating through the curved background. By direct computations of the polarization angle, we show that different epochs, radiation-, matter- and $Lambda$-dominated, have different effects on the polarization. In particular, for a GW emitted by a binary system, we find explicitly the relation between the change of the polarization angle $|Deltavarphi|$ and the redshift $z_s$ of the source in different epochs. In the $Lambda$CDM model, we find that the order of $|Deltavarphi|et{a}_{0}F$ is typically $O(10^{-3})$ to $O(10^3)$, depending on the values of $z_s$, where $et{a}_0$ is the (comoving) time of the current universe, and $FequivBig(frac5256frac1a{u}_{obs}Big{)}^{3/8}left(G_N{M}_{c}ight{)}^{-5/8}$ with $a{u}_{obs}$ and $M_c$ being, respectively, the time to coalescence in the observer's frame and the chirp mass of the binary system.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09224

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zbMATH Keywords

binary systempolarization angle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear and affine connections (53B05) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20) Gravitational waves (83C35)

Cites Work

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Cited In (5)

• Parametrizing gravitational-wave polarizations
• Scalar polarization window in gravitational-wave signals
• Boosting gravitational waves: a review of kinematic effects on amplitude, polarization, frequency and energy density
• Inertial frame rotation induced by rotating gravitational waves
• \(45^{\circ}\) relative orientations of planes of polarizations states of gravitational waves and the graviton

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