Functional equation and zeros on the critical line of the quadrilateral zeta function
Let \(s=\sigma+it\) be a complex variable. As it is well know, for \(\sigma>1\), the Hurwitz zeta-function with a parameter \(\alpha\), \(\alpha \in (0,1]\), and the periodic zeta function \(\mathrm{Li}(s, \alpha)\) are defined by \[ \zeta(s,\alpha)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(n+\alpha)^s}, \text{ and }\mathrm{Li}(s, \alpha) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{e^{2\pi in\alpha}}{n^s}, \] respectively. Both of them converge absolutely in the half-plane \(\sigma > 1\) and uniformly in each compact subset of this half-plane. The function \(\zeta(s,\alpha)\) has analytic continuation to the complex-plane, except \(s = 1\) which is a simple pole with residue 1, while the function \(\mathrm{Li}(s, \alpha)\) with \(0 < \alpha < 1\) is analytically continuable to the whole complex plane. For \(0 < \alpha \leq \frac{1}{2}\), the quadrilateral zeta function \(Q(s, \alpha)\) is defined as \[ 2Q(s, \alpha) := \zeta(s, \alpha) + \zeta(s, 1 -\alpha) + \mathrm{Li}(s, \alpha) + \mathrm{Li}(s, 1 - \alpha). \] The function \(Q(s, \alpha)\) can be continued analytically to the whole complex plane except \(s = 1\). In the paper, it is proved a functional equation for \(Q(s,\alpha)\), i.e., that, for \(0 < \alpha \leq \frac{1}{2}\), it holds \[ Q(1-s,\alpha)=\frac{2 \Gamma(s)}{(2 \pi)^s}\cos\bigg(\frac{\pi s}{2}\bigg)Q(s,\alpha). \] A second result of the paper states, that, for any \(0 < \alpha \leq \frac{1}{2}\), there exist positive constants \(A(\alpha)\) and \(T_0(\alpha)\) such that the number of zeros of the function \(Q(s,\alpha)\) on the line segment from \(\frac{1}{2}\) to \(\frac{1}{2} +iT\) is greater than \(A(\alpha)T\) for \(T \geq T_0(\alpha)\). This fact implies that \(Q(s, \alpha)\) has infinitely many zeros on the critical line \(\sigma = \frac{1}{2}\).
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