Transfer operators and Hankel transforms between relative trace formulas. II: Rankin-Selberg theory

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2021.108039MaRDI QIDQ2064474zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yiannis Sakellaridis

Publication date 6 January 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.04640

zbMATH Keywords

Langlands programbeyond endoscopyrelative trace formula

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70)

Abstract: The goal of this article and its precursor is to demonstrate, by example, the existence of "transfer operators" betweeen relative trace formulas, which generalize the scalar transfer factors of endoscopy. These transfer operators have all properties that one could expect from a trace formula comparison: matching, fundamental lemma for the Hecke algebra, transfer of (relative) characters. Most importantly, and quite surprisingly, they appear to be of abelian nature (at least, in the low-rank examples considered in this paper), even though they encompass functoriality relations of non-abelian harmonic analysis. Thus, they are amenable to application of the Poisson summation formula in order to perform the global comparison. Moreover, we show that these abelian transforms have some structure -- which presently escapes our understanding in its entirety -- as deformations of well-understood operators when the spaces under consideration are replaced by their "asymptotic cones". In this second paper we use Rankin-Selberg theory to prove the local transfer behind Rudnick's 1990 thesis (comparing the stable trace formula for $operatorname{SL}_2$ with the Kuznetsov formula) and Venkatesh's 2002 thesis (providing a "beyond endoscopy" proof of functorial transfer from tori to $operatorname{GL}_2$). As it turns out, the latter is not completely disjoint from endoscopic transfer -- in fact, our proof "factors" through endoscopic transfer. We also study the functional equation of the symmetric-square $L$-function for $operatorname{GL}_2$, and show that it is governed by an explicit "Hankel operator" at the level of the Kuznetsov formula, which is also of abelian nature. A similar theory for the standard $L$-function was previously developed (in a different language) by Jacquet.

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Cited in

(5)

• Relative functoriality and functional equations via trace formulas
• Functorial transfer between relative trace formulas in rank \(1\)
• Transfer operators and Hankel transforms between relative trace formulas. I: Character theory
• Hankel transform, Langlands functoriality and functional equation of automorphic \(L\)-functions
• Spherical varieties, functoriality, and quantization

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