Optimal approximation rate of ReLU networks in terms of width and depth

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2021.07.009MaRDI QIDQ2065073zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zuowei Shen, Haizhao Yang, Shijun Zhang

Publication date 7 January 2022

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00502

zbMATH Keywords

optimal approximationVC-dimensionbit extractiondeep ReLU networks

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Artificial neural networks and deep learning (68T07) Multidimensional problems (41A63) Rate of convergence, degree of approximation (41A25) Approximation by arbitrary nonlinear expressions; widths and entropy (41A46)

Abstract: This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $$ and depth $mathcalO(L)$ can approximate a H"older continuous function on $[0,1{]}^d$ with an approximation rate $$, where $alphain(0,1]$ and $lambda>0$ are H"older order and constant, respectively. Such a rate is optimal up to a constant in terms of width and depth separately, while existing results are only nearly optimal without the logarithmic factor in the approximation rate. More generally, for an arbitrary continuous function $f$ on $[0,1{]}^d$, the approximation rate becomes $$, where $omeg{a}_f(cdot)$ is the modulus of continuity. We also extend our analysis to any continuous function $f$ on a bounded set. Particularly, if ReLU networks with depth $31$ and width $mathcalO(N)$ are used to approximate one-dimensional Lipschitz continuous functions on $[0,1]$ with a Lipschitz constant $lambda>0$, the approximation rate in terms of the total number of parameters, $W=mathcalO(N^2)$, becomes $mathcalO(fraclambdaWlnW)$, which has not been discovered in the literature for fixed-depth ReLU networks.

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Cited in

(25)

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• Gauss Newton method for solving variational problems of PDEs with neural network discretizaitons
• Rates of approximation by ReLU shallow neural networks
• Deep Network Approximation for Smooth Functions
• Deep network with approximation error being reciprocal of width to power of square root of depth
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