Systolic inequalities for K3 surfaces via stability conditions
In Riemannian geometry, the systole, $\operatorname{sys}(M,g)$, of a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ is the length of the shortest non-contractible loop. A classical question asks if the systole can be related to the volume of the manifold. Early examples of this include Loewner's systolic inequality (\textit{P. M. Pu}, Pac. J. Math. 2, 55--71 (1952; Zbl 0046.39902)) for the two-torus, $(\mathbb{T}^2,g)$, which says that $\operatorname{sys}(\mathbb{T}^2,g)\le\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\operatorname{vol}(\mathbb{T}^2,g)$. Further generalizations include Gromov's systolic inequality (\textit{M. Gromov}, J. Differ. Geom. 18, 1--147 (1983; Zbl 0515.53037)). This paper proposes a categorical version of this question. Namely, the notion of both categorical systoles and categorical volumes are introduced for Bridgeland stability conditions on a triangulated category. The new definitions are nicely explained and motivated, using connections between stability conditions and Teichmüller theory as well as conjectures about stability conditions on the Fukaya category of Calabi-Yau manifolds. After the new definitions are given and explained, the central part of the paper focuses on proving a (categorical) systolic inequality in the case for stability conditions on $D^b(X)$ where $X$ is a projective $K3$ surface. Namely, the main theorem states that for a stability condition $\sigma$, \[ \operatorname{sys}(\sigma)\le C\cdot\operatorname{vol}(\sigma),\] where $C$ is a constant determined by the rank and discriminant of $\operatorname{NS}(X)$. The Picard rank one is treated separately to obtain a better bound than the general case. In order to prove these inequalities, the problem is reduced to a lattice-theoretic one on $\mathbb{Z}\oplus \operatorname{NS}(X)\oplus \mathbb{Z}$. After the main theorems are proved, potential applications and future directions are given.
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