Lagrange spectrum of a circle over the Eisensteinian field

DOI10.1007/S00605-021-01649-YMaRDI QIDQ2070993zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Byungchul Cha, Heather Chapman, Brittany Gelb, Chooka Weiss

Publication date 25 January 2022

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13188

zbMATH Keywords

Berggren treesEisenstein tripleEisensteinian fieldintrinsic Diophantine approximationLagrange spectrumRomik's dynamical system

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Markov and Lagrange spectra and generalizations (11J06) Continued fractions and generalizations (11J70)

Abstract: We study an intrinsic Lagrange spectrum of the unit circle $|z|=1$ in the complex plane with respect to the Eisensteinian field $mathbbQ(sqrt-3)$. We prove that the minimum of the Lagrange spectrum is $2$ and that its smallest accumulation point is $4/sqrt3$. In addition, we characterize the set of all values in the spectrum between $2$ and $4/sqrt3$.

Review text

Let \(z=\alpha+\beta\omega\) be a fixed complex number, where \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) are nonnegative real numbers and \(\omega = (1+i\sqrt3)/2\). Consider \[L(z) = \limsup \frac{1}{\delta'(z,(a,b))}\] where the limsup is taken over pairs \((a,b)\) of positive integers such that \(a^2+ab+b^2\) is a perfect square, and \(\delta'(z,(a,b))\) is the shortest Euclidean distance from \(a+b\omega\) to the half-line which begins at 0 and passes through \(z\). Denote by \(\mathcal L\) the set of values \(L(z)\), for \(z\) such that \(|z|=1\) and \(L(z)>0\). The authors prove that the smallest accumulation point of \(\mathcal L\) is \(4/\sqrt{3}\), and provide explicit formulas for the elements of \(\mathcal L\) less than \(4/\sqrt{3}\). They explain how this result fits in the setting of intrinsic Diophantine approximation: \(L(z)\) is a Lagrange number, and \(\mathcal L\) a Lagrange spectrum. The description of \(\mathcal L\) they obtain coincides, up to \(4/\sqrt{3}\), with the Markoff spectrum determined in [\textit{A. L. Schmidt}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 292, 109--114 (1977; Zbl 0347.10017)], as in the classical case.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(7)

• Diophantine approximation on conics
• Intrinsic Diophantine approximation on the unit circle and its Lagrange spectrum
• Intrinsic Diophantine approximation on circles and spheres
• Markoff-Lagrange spectrum and extremal numbers
• Raney transducers and the lowest point of the n-Lagrange spectrum
• Generalized continued fraction algorithm for the index 3 sublattice
• On the Markoff spectrum on the Hecke group of index six

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