Twist-minimal trace formula for holomorphic cusp forms

DOI10.1007/S40993-021-00302-9MaRDI QIDQ2071041zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Kieran Child

Publication date 25 January 2022

Published in Research in Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05663

zbMATH Keywords

Conrey labelFourier coefficientHecke operatorholomorphic cusp formsmodular formstrace formulatwist-minimal

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators (one variable) (11F25) Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Selberg) (11F72)

Abstract: We derive an explicit formula for the trace of an arbitrary Hecke operator on spaces of twist-minimal holomorphic cusp forms with arbitrary level and character, and weight at least 2. We show that this formula provides an efficient way of computing basis elements for newform or cusp form spaces. This work was motivated by the development of a twist-minimal trace formula in the non-holomorphic case by Booker, Lee and Str"ombergsson, as well as the presentation of a fully generalised trace formula for the holomorphic case by Cohen and Str"omberg.

Review text

Let \(k\ge2,N\) be integers, let \(\chi\) be a twist-minimal character of level \(N\). Let \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\) be the space of cusp twist-minimal forms of level \(N\), of character \(\chi\) and weight \(k\). The author proves a \textit{twist-minimal trace formula} \(\mathrm {tr}\left[ T_n^\chi\right]\) for the \(n\)-th twisted Hecke operator \(T_n^\chi\) acting on the space \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\). The trace formula gives an expression with classical, ready-to-compute terms. Let us quote two related trace formulas. A fully generalized trace formula for holomorphic cusp forms, known as the Eichler-Selberg trace formula, has been elaborated by \textit{H. Cohen} [Sémin. Théor. Nombres 1976-1977, Univ. Bordeaux, Exposé No. 4, 9 p. (1978; Zbl 0396.10016)]; it is an extension of a method by \textit{D. Zagier} [Sémin. Delange-Pisot-Poitou. Théor. Nombres, Tome 17 (1975-1976) no. 2, Exposé no. 23, 12 p. (1976; Zbl 0349.10019)]; for a recent exposure, see the Theorem 12.4.11 by \textit{H. Cohen} and \textit{F. Strömberg} [Modular forms: a classical approach. Graduate Studies in Mathematics 179. Providence, AMS (2017; Zbl 1464.11001)]. This general Zagier-Cohen trace formula is the departure point for the proof of this ready-to-compute twist-minimal trace formula. Furthermore, \textit{A. R. Booker} et al. [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 102, No. 3, (2020; Zbl 1475.11103)] build a similar trace formula for twist-minimal Maass (non-holomorphic) forms. The author deduces two results from his twisted trace formula. The first one builds a cusp forms basis for the spaces \(S_k(N,\chi)\), \(S_k^{\mathrm{new}}(N,\chi)\) and \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\). The second associates a newform to a twist-minimal form with a simple explicit relationship on their Fourier coefficients. Dimension computations are also consequences of these results. The last section presents three examples of computations based on the trace formula. The first one gives a dimension formula through the trace of the Hecke operator \(T_1^{\mathbf{1}}\) acting on \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\mathbf{1})\): they are compared to well known formula for \(\mathrm{dim}(S_6^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\mathbf{1}))\) and \(\mathrm{dim}(S_6^{\mathrm{new}}(N,\mathbf{1}))\) for some values of \(N\) in \([9,81]\). The second example computes Fourier coefficients of a newform in \(S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(63,\chi_{46})\), where \(\chi_{46}\) is the character with Conrey label 46. The last one computes a basis for \(S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(50,(\frac{\cdot}{5}))\).

Recommendations

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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1303184
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Cited in

(4)

• Murmurations of modular forms in the weight aspect
• Counting locally supercuspidal newforms
• Computing a database of rigorous Maass forms
• Twists of newforms

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