Twist-minimal trace formula for holomorphic cusp forms (Q2071041)

Let \(k\ge2,N\) be integers, let \(\chi\) be a twist-minimal character of level \(N\). Let \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\) be the space of cusp twist-minimal forms of level \(N\), of character \(\chi\) and weight \(k\). The author proves a \textit{twist-minimal trace formula} \(\mathrm {tr}\left[ T_n^\chi\right]\) for the \(n\)-th twisted Hecke operator \(T_n^\chi\) acting on the space \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\). The trace formula gives an expression with classical, ready-to-compute terms. Let us quote two related trace formulas. A fully generalized trace formula for holomorphic cusp forms, known as the Eichler-Selberg trace formula, has been elaborated by \textit{H. Cohen} [Sémin. Théor. Nombres 1976-1977, Univ. Bordeaux, Exposé No. 4, 9 p. (1978; Zbl 0396.10016)]; it is an extension of a method by \textit{D. Zagier} [Sémin. Delange-Pisot-Poitou. Théor. Nombres, Tome 17 (1975-1976) no. 2, Exposé no. 23, 12 p. (1976; Zbl 0349.10019)]; for a recent exposure, see the Theorem 12.4.11 by \textit{H. Cohen} and \textit{F. Strömberg} [Modular forms: a classical approach. Graduate Studies in Mathematics 179. Providence, AMS (2017; Zbl 1464.11001)]. This general Zagier-Cohen trace formula is the departure point for the proof of this ready-to-compute twist-minimal trace formula. Furthermore, \textit{A. R. Booker} et al. [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 102, No. 3, (2020; Zbl 1475.11103)] build a similar trace formula for twist-minimal Maass (non-holomorphic) forms. The author deduces two results from his twisted trace formula. The first one builds a cusp forms basis for the spaces \(S_k(N,\chi)\), \(S_k^{\mathrm{new}}(N,\chi)\) and \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\chi)\). The second associates a newform to a twist-minimal form with a simple explicit relationship on their Fourier coefficients. Dimension computations are also consequences of these results. The last section presents three examples of computations based on the trace formula. The first one gives a dimension formula through the trace of the Hecke operator \(T_1^{\mathbf{1}}\) acting on \(S_k^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\mathbf{1})\): they are compared to well known formula for \(\mathrm{dim}(S_6^{\mathrm{min}}(N,\mathbf{1}))\) and \(\mathrm{dim}(S_6^{\mathrm{new}}(N,\mathbf{1}))\) for some values of \(N\) in \([9,81]\). The second example computes Fourier coefficients of a newform in \(S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(63,\chi_{46})\), where \(\chi_{46}\) is the character with Conrey label 46. The last one computes a basis for \(S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(50,(\frac{\cdot}{5}))\).