A classification of R-Fuchsian subgroups of Picard modular groups

Abstract: Given an imaginary quadratic extension

K

of

m a t h b b Q

, we classify the maximal nonelementary subgroups of the Picard modular group

o p e r a t o r n a m e P U (1, 2; m a t h c a l O_{K})

preserving a totally real totally geodesic plane in the complex hyperbolic plane

m a t h b b H_{m}^{2} a t h b b C

. We prove that these maximal

m a t h b b R

-Fuchsian subgroups are arithmetic, and describe the quaternion algebras from which they arise. For instance, if the radius

D e l t a

of the corresponding

m a t h b b R

-circle lies in

m a t h b b N - 0

, then the stabilizer arises from the quaternion algebra

. We thus prove the existence of infinitely many orbits of

K

-arithmetic

m a t h b b R

-circles in the hypersphere of

m a t h b b P_{2} (m a t h b b C)

.

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