On a spectral version of Cartan's theorem

Let \(M_n(\mathbb C)\) denote the space of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices. For \(n\geq2\) and a domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb C\) let \(S_n(\Omega)\) be the set of all \(W\in M_n(\mathbb C)\) such that the spectrum \(\sigma(W)\) is contained in \(\Omega\). The set \(S_n(\Omega)\) is not Kobayashi hyperbolic (as an open domain in \(\mathbb C^{n^2}\)). In particular, the classical Cartan theorem for self-maps of Kobayashi hyperbolic domains cannot be applied to \(S_n(\Omega)\). Let \(\pi_n=(\pi_{n,1},\dots,\pi_{n,n}):\mathbb C^n\longrightarrow\mathbb C^n\) be the standard symmetrization map, i.e., \(\prod_{j=1}^n(t-z_j)=t^n+\sum_{j=1}^n(-1)^j\pi_{n,j}(z)t^{n-j}\), \(z=(z_1,\dots,z_n)\in\mathbb C^n\). Let \(\Sigma^n(\Omega):=\pi_n(\Omega^n)\) stand for the symmetrized product of \(\Omega\) and let \(\boldsymbol{c}=(c_1,\dots,c_n):M_n(\mathbb C)\longrightarrow\mathbb C^n\) be such that \(t^n+\sum_{k=1}^n(-1)^kc_k(W)t^{n-k}\) is the characteristic polynomial of \(W\). Fix a domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb C\) such that \(\#(\mathbb C\setminus\Omega)\geq2n\) with \(n\geq2\), a matrix \(A\in S_n(\Omega)\), and a holomorphic map \(\Psi: S_n(\Omega)\longrightarrow S_n(\Omega)\) with \(\Psi(A)=A\) and \(\Psi'(A)=\mathbb I\). The main resits of the paper are the following two theorems: -- If \(A\) is either a diagonalizable matrix or a non-derogatory matrix, then \(\boldsymbol{c}(\Psi(W))=\boldsymbol{c}(W)\) for every \(W\in S_n(\Omega)\). Consequently, \(\sigma(\Psi(W))=\sigma(W)\) and the algebraic multiplicity of each eigenvalue is preserved for every \(W\in S_n(\Omega)\). -- There exists a closed complex submanifold \(\mathcal S\) of \(\Sigma^n(\Omega)\) containing \(\boldsymbol{c}(A)\), with \(\dim\mathcal S\geq\) the degree of the minimal polynomial of \(A\), such that \(\boldsymbol{c}(\Psi(W))=\boldsymbol{c}(W)\) for every \(W\in\boldsymbol c^{-1}(\mathcal S)\).

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