Calculating ``small solutions of inhomogeneous relative Thue inequalities

DOI10.7169/FACM/1876MaRDI QIDQ2075017zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 February 2022

Published in Functiones et Approximatio. Commentarii Mathematici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09942

inhomogeneous Thue equations inhomogeneous Thue inequalities LLL reduction relative Thue equations relative Thue inequalities resultant equations Thue equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Higher degree equations; Fermat's equation (11D41) Multiplicative and norm form equations (11D57) Thue-Mahler equations (11D59) Diophantine inequalities (11D75) Computer solution of Diophantine equations (11Y50)

Abstract: Thue equations and their relative and inhomogeneous extensions are well known in the literature. There exist methods, usually tedious methods, for the complete resolution of these equations. On the other hand our experiences show that such equations usually do not have extremely large solutions. Therefore in several applications it is useful to have a fast algorithm to calculate the "small" solutions of these equations. Under "small" solutions we mean the solutions, say, with absolute values or sizes

l e q 1 0^{100}

. Such algorithms were formerly constructed for Thue equations, relative Thue equations. The relative and inhomogeneous Thue equations have applications in solving index form equations and certain resultant form equations. It is also known that certain "totally real" relative Thue equations can be reduced to absolute Thue equations (equations over

B b b Z

). As a common generalization of the above results, in our paper we develop a fast algorithm for calculating "small" solutions (say with sizes

l e q 1 0^{100}

) of inhomogeneous relative Thue equations, more exactly of certain inequalities that generalize those equations. We shall show that in the "totally real" case these can similarly be reduced to absolute inhomogeneous Thue inequalities. We also give an application to solving certain resultant equations in the relative case.

Review text

A relative Thue equation is one of the form \(N_{K/M}(X-\alpha Y)=m\), where: \(K/M\) is a (finite) extension of number-fields, \(N_{K/M}(\cdot)\) is the norm relative to this extension, \(X,Y\in\mathbb{Z}_M\) (= ring of integers of \(M\)), \(K=M(\alpha)\) with \(\alpha\) is an algebraic number of degree \(\geq 3\) over \(M\) and \(m\in\mathbb{Z}_M\). Such equations appeared in Siegel's work as early as 1921. An inhomogeneous relative Thue equation has the form \(N_{K/M}(X-\alpha Y+\lambda)=m\), where \(M,K,\alpha, m\) are as above and \(\lambda\in\mathbb{Z}_K\) may be either a variable or (as in this paper) fixed. In the present paper the author is interested in effectively solving inhomogeneous relative Thue inequalities (obviously this study includes that of inhomogeneous relative Thue equations) which have the form \[ |N_{K/M}(X-\alpha Y+\lambda)| \leq c_0Z^k, \quad Z=\max(\operatorname{house}{X},\operatorname{house}{Y})\leq Z_0 \] where, for an algebraic number \(\gamma\), the symbol ``\(\operatorname{house}{\gamma}\) denotes the maximum of the absolute values of the conjugates of \(\gamma\), \(c_0\) is a given positive constant, \(k\geq 0\) is a fixed positive integer and \(Z_0\) is a given huge number, say of the size of \(10^{100}\). Actually, the author considers an even more general problem, special case of which is the above mentioned problem, namely, the following: Let \(\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n\) be given non-zero distinct complex numbers and \(\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_n\) any given complex numbers with \(\max_j |\lambda_j| \leq c_{\lambda}\) (a given positive constant). Let also \(c_0>\) be a given constant and \(k\geq 0\) a given integer. Then, the author develops a method for the explicit solution of the inequality \[ \left|\prod_{j=1}^n(X-\alpha_jY+\lambda_j)\right| \leq c_0Z^k, \quad X,Y\in\mathbb{Z}_M,\; Z=\max(\operatorname{house}{X}\,,\operatorname{house}{Y})\leq Z_0. \] His method is based on theorems proved in this paper (too technical to be reproduced in this review) and techniques developed in earlier works of him. Two explicit examples are discussed. First example. Let \(\alpha_i\), \(i=1,\ldots,9\) the roots of \(x^9-9x^7+24x^5-2x^4-20x^3+3x^2+5x-1\) which is viewed as a polynomial over \(M=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})\), and \(\lambda_i=\alpha_i^2+2\alpha_i\) (\(1\leq i\leq 9\)). All solutions of \[ \left|\prod_{j=1}^9(X-\alpha_jY+\lambda_j)\right| \leq10 \quad X,Y\in\mathbb{Z}_M,\; \max(\operatorname{house}{X}\,,\operatorname{house}{Y})\leq 10^{100}. \] are computed; it turns out that they are totally 138. Second example. Let \(Μ=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-2})\), \(f(t)=t^5-t^4-4t^3+3t^2+3t-1\in M[t]\). The problem is to compute all polynomials \(g(t)=t^2-Yt+X\in\mathbb{Z}_M[t]\) with \(\max(\operatorname{house}{X}\,,\operatorname{house}{Y})\leq 10^{100}\) and \(|\mathrm{Res}_M(f,g)|\leq 25\). According to this paper's arguments, this problem is reduced to solving \(|N_{K/M}(X-\alpha Y+\alpha^2)|\leq 25\) in \(X,Y\) as above, where \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\alpha,\sqrt{-2})\) and \(f(\alpha)=0\). According to the author's computations, there are exactly 39 solutions of the last inequality. Remark. A misprint in the title ``How to apply Lemma 3? of Subsection 3.4: ``Lemma should be replaced by ``Theorem.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(4)

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

Maple

This page was built for publication: Calculating ``small solutions of inhomogeneous relative Thue inequalities

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2075017)