Switching interacting particle systems: scaling limits, uphill diffusion and boundary layer

DOI10.1007/S10955-022-02878-7MaRDI QIDQ2076044zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Simone Floreani, Cristian Giardinà, Shubhamoy Nandan, F. Redig, F. den Hollander

Publication date 18 February 2022

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06783

zbMATH Keywords

dualityfast and slow particlesFick's lawscaling limitsswitching random walksuphill diffusion

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Abstract: In this paper we consider three classes of interacting particle systems on $mathbbZ$: independent random walks, the exclusion process, and the inclusion process. We allow particles to switch their jump rate (the rate identifies the type of particle) between $1$ (fast particles) and $epsilonin[0,1]$ (slow particles). The switch between the two jump rates happens at rate $gammain(0,infty)$. In the exclusion process, the interaction is such that each site can be occupied by at most one particle of each type. In the inclusion process, the interaction takes places between particles of the same type at different sites and between particles of different type at the same site. We derive the macroscopic limit equations for the three systems, obtained after scaling space by $N^{-1}$, time by $N^2$, the switching rate by $N^{-2}$, and letting $Noinfty$. The limit equations for the macroscopic densities associated to the fast and slow particles is the well-studied double diffusivity model. This system of reaction-diffusion equations was introduced to model polycrystal diffusion and dislocation pipe diffusion, with the goal to overcome the limitations imposed by Fick's law. In order to investigate the microscopic out-of-equilibrium properties, we analyse the system on $[N]=1,ldots,N$, adding boundary reservoirs at sites $1$ and $N$ of fast and slow particles, respectively. Inside $[N]$ particles move as before, but now particles are injected and absorbed at sites $1$ and $N$ with prescribed rates that depend on the particle type. We compute the steady-state density profile and the steady-state current. It turns out that uphill diffusion is possible, i.e., the total flow can be in the direction of increasing total density. This phenomenon, which cannot occur in a single-type particle system, is a violation of Fick's law made possible by the switching between types.

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Cited in

(13)

• Population dynamics and statistical physics in synergy. Abstracts from the workshop held March 6--12, 2022
• Uphill migration in coupled driven particle systems
• Microscopic models for uphill diffusion
• Ergodic theory of multi-layer interacting particle systems
• The contact process with switching
• Uphill diffusions in single and multi-species systems
• Spatial populations with seed-banks in random environment. III: Convergence towards mono-type equilibrium
• Uphill in reaction-diffusion multi-species interacting particles systems
• Switching particle systems for foraging ants showing phase transitions in path selections
• Density fluctuations for the multi-species stirring process
• Dormancy in stochastic population models
• A large deviation principle for the multispecies stirring process
• Renewal contact process with dormancy

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