Large deviation of the density profile in the steady state of the open symmetric simple exclusion process.

DOI10.1023/A:1014555927320zbMATH Open1067.82047arXivcond-mat/0109346OpenAlexW1852630835MaRDI QIDQ1609181FDOQ1609181

Authors: Bernard Derrida, Joel Lebowitz, E. R. Speer 

Publication date: 15 August 2002

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider an open one dimensional lattice gas on sites $i=1,\mathrm{...},N$, with particles jumping independently with rate 1 to neighboring interior empty sites, the {it simple symmetric exclusion process}. The particle fluxes at the left and right boundaries, corresponding to exchanges with reservoirs at different chemical potentials, create a stationary nonequilibrium state (SNS) with a steady flux of particles through the system. The mean density profile in this state, which is linear, describes the typical behavior of a macroscopic system, i.e., this profile occurs with probability 1 when $Noinfty$. The probability of microscopic configurations corresponding to some other profile $ho(x)$, $x=i/N$, has the asymptotic form $exp[-NcalF(ho)]$; $calF$ is the {it large deviation functional}. In contrast to equilibrium systems, for which ${calF}_{eq}(ho)$ is just the integral of the appropriately normalized local free energy density, the $calF$ we find here for the nonequilibrium system is a nonlocal function of $ho$. This gives rise to the long range correlations in the SNS predicted by fluctuating hydrodynamics and suggests similar non-local behavior of $calF$ in general SNS, where the long range correlations have been observed experimentally.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0109346

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Large deviations (60F10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22)

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