Infinitely many Lagrangian fillings

Abstract: We prove that all maximal-tb Legendrian torus links (n,m) in the standard contact 3-sphere, except for (2,m),(3,3),(3,4) and (3,5), admit infinitely many Lagrangian fillings in the standard symplectic 4-ball. This is proven by constructing infinite order Lagrangian concordances which induce faithful actions of the modular group PSL(2,Z) and the mapping class group M(0,4) into the coordinate rings of algebraic varieties associated to Legendrian links. Our results imply that there exist Lagrangian concordance monoids with subgroups of exponential-growth, and yield Stein surfaces homotopic to a 2-sphere with infinitely many distinct exact Lagrangian surfaces of higher-genus. We also show that there exist infinitely many satellite and hyperbolic knots with Legendrian representatives admitting infinitely many exact Lagrangian fillings.

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This article is a fundamental work on Lagrangian fillings. As main result, it is proved that essentially all maximal-tb positive Legendrian torus links in the standard contact 3-sphere remarkably admit infinitely many non-Hamiltonian isotopic exact Lagrangian fillings in the standard symplectic 4-ball. Some important consequences of this result are deduced. One of the central geometric contributions of the paper is the construction of the special Legendrian loops associated to the Legendrian links $\Lambda(3, 6)$ and $\Lambda(4, 8)$. The new algebraic invariants (so-called Legendrian invariants) arising from microlocal analysis and the study of constructible sheaves on stratified spaces are introduced and considered. Some important applications of these invariants to the study of Lagrangian fillings are presented.

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