Non-orientable branched coverings, b-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108645zbMATH Open1498.05278arXiv2004.07824OpenAlexW3016629547MaRDI QIDQ2089059FDOQ2089059

Authors: Guillaume Chapuy, Maciej Dołęga 

Publication date: 6 October 2022

Published in: Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce a one-parameter deformation of the 2-Toda tau-function of (weighted) Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We show that its coefficients are polynomials in the deformation parameter $b$ with nonnegative integer coefficients. These coefficients count generalized branched coverings of the sphere by an arbitrary surface, orientable or not, with an appropriate $b$-weighting that "measures" in some sense their non-orientability. Notable special cases include non-orientable dessins d'enfants for which we prove the most general result so far towards the Matching-Jack conjecture and the "$b$-conjecture" of Goulden and Jackson from 1996, expansions of the $$-ensemble matrix model, deformations of the HCIZ integral, and $b$-Hurwitz numbers that we introduce here and that are $b$-deformations of classical (single or double) Hurwitz numbers obtained for $b=0$. A key role in our proof is played by a combinatorial model of non-orientable constellations equipped with a suitable $b$-weighting, whose partition function satisfies an infinite set of PDEs. These PDEs have two definitions, one given by Lax equations, the other one following an explicit combinatorial decomposition.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07824

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zbMATH Keywords

non-orientable surfacesHurwitz numbersJack polynomialscombinatorial mapstopological expansion\(b\)-conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

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Cited In (11)

• Combinatorial and algebraic enumeration: a survey of the work of Ian P. Goulden and David M. Jackson
• Non-orientable branched coverings, \(b\)-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions (extended abstract)
• On the matchings-Jack and hypermap-Jack conjectures for labelled matchings and star maps
• Twisted Hurwitz numbers: tropical and polynomial structures
• Jacobi beta ensemble and \(b\)-Hurwitz numbers
• \(\beta\)-ensembles and higher genera Catalan numbers
• Refined topological recursion revisited: properties and conjectures
• Integrality in the Matching-Jack conjecture and the Farahat-Higman algebra
• Ribbon decomposition and twisted Hurwitz numbers
• LLT cumulants and graph coloring
• Integrality in the matching-Jack conjecture and the Farahat-Higman algebra

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