Non-orientable branched coverings, b-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108645MaRDI QIDQ2089059zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Guillaume Chapuy, Maciej Dołęga

Publication date 6 October 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07824

zbMATH Keywords

non-orientable surfacesHurwitz numbersJack polynomialscombinatorial mapstopological expansion\(b\)-conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

Abstract: We introduce a one-parameter deformation of the 2-Toda tau-function of (weighted) Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We show that its coefficients are polynomials in the deformation parameter $b$ with nonnegative integer coefficients. These coefficients count generalized branched coverings of the sphere by an arbitrary surface, orientable or not, with an appropriate $b$-weighting that "measures" in some sense their non-orientability. Notable special cases include non-orientable dessins d'enfants for which we prove the most general result so far towards the Matching-Jack conjecture and the "$b$-conjecture" of Goulden and Jackson from 1996, expansions of the $$-ensemble matrix model, deformations of the HCIZ integral, and $b$-Hurwitz numbers that we introduce here and that are $b$-deformations of classical (single or double) Hurwitz numbers obtained for $b=0$. A key role in our proof is played by a combinatorial model of non-orientable constellations equipped with a suitable $b$-weighting, whose partition function satisfies an infinite set of PDEs. These PDEs have two definitions, one given by Lax equations, the other one following an explicit combinatorial decomposition.

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Cited in

(11)

• Integrality in the matching-Jack conjecture and the Farahat-Higman algebra
• Combinatorial and algebraic enumeration: a survey of the work of Ian P. Goulden and David M. Jackson
• Non-orientable branched coverings, \(b\)-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions (extended abstract)
• On the matchings-Jack and hypermap-Jack conjectures for labelled matchings and star maps
• Twisted Hurwitz numbers: tropical and polynomial structures
• Jacobi beta ensemble and \(b\)-Hurwitz numbers
• \(\beta\)-ensembles and higher genera Catalan numbers
• Refined topological recursion revisited: properties and conjectures
• Integrality in the Matching-Jack conjecture and the Farahat-Higman algebra
• Ribbon decomposition and twisted Hurwitz numbers
• LLT cumulants and graph coloring

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