Gromov-Witten theory, Hurwitz theory, and completed cycles
Coverings of curves, fundamental group (14H30) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, and special functions (37K20)
The main goal of the article is to relate the Hurwitz theory to the Gromov-Witten theory for curves. The Hurwitz theory of a non-singular curve \(X\) concerns the enumeration of the branched covers of \(X\) with specified branching points and ramification pattern. This problem has been initiated in \textit{A.~Hurwitz}'s paper [Math. Ann. 55, 53--66 (1902; JFM 32.0404.04)]. The Hurwitz numbers are defined as the weighted number of non-isomorphic ramified covers with prescribed ramification data. Translating the ramification data in terms of the monodromies around the ramification points on \(X\), one obtains combinatorial expressions for the Hurwitz numbers. These expressions involve the number of conjugacy classes of tuples of permutations in the symmetric group. Following this path, a complete combinatorial solution has been obtained in \textit{A. D.~Mednykh} [Sib. Math.~J. 25, 606--625 (1984; Zbl 0598.30058)]. The shortcoming of this approach is that it does not allow to extract the information about the behavior of the numbers, and the underlying geometry. An important step has been taken in \textit{T.~Ekedahl, S.~Lando, M.~Shapiro} and \textit{A.~Vainshtein} [Invent. Math. 146, 297--327 (2001; Zbl 1073.14041)], where the authors express the Hurwitz numbers as intersection numbers on the Deligne-Mumford moduli space of stable curves. The main result of the article under review is the GW/H-correspondence, which states that the Gromov-Witten theory of a non-singular target curve \(X\) is equivalent to the theory of completed cycles: \[ {\left\langle\prod_{i=1}^n\tau_{k_i}(\omega)\right\rangle}^{\bullet X}_d=\frac{1}{\prod_i k_i!}H_d^X\left(\overline{(k_1+1)},\ldots,\overline{(k_n+1)}\right). \] On the left-hand-side, the expression \(\tau_k(\omega)\) is obtained by integrating descendant classes on the virtual fundamental class of the space of stable maps \(\overline M_{g,n}(X,d)\). The right-hand-side of the formula represents the Hurwitz number corresponding to the partitions given by the completed cycles \(\overline{(k_i+1)}\). These latter are elements in the center of the group algebra of the symmetric group \({\mathbb Q}{\mathcal S}(d)\). In the second part of the paper is proved that the Gromov-Witten potential of \(\mathbb P^1\) relative to the marked points \(\{0,\infty\}\) is governed by the \(2\)nd Toda hierarchy. The corresponding differential equations impose strong conditions on the Gromov-Witten invariants of \(\mathbb P^1\), and hence on the Hurwitz numbers of \(\mathbb P^1\). The proof partially relies on the results obtained in [\textit{A.~Okounkov} and \textit{R.~Pandharipande}, Ann. Math. 163, 561--605 (2006; Zbl 1105.14077)]. The reader is invited to consult also the article [Invent. Math. 163, 47--108 (2006; Zbl 1140.14047)] in which the authors continue the study of the structure of the higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants. Namely, they prove the generalized Virasoro constraints for the relative Gromov-Witten theories of all nonsingular target curves.
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- Loop equations for Gromov-Witten invariant of \(\mathbb{P}^1\)
- Equivalence of ELSV and Bouchard-Mariño conjectures for \(r\)-spin Hurwitz numbers
- Polynomiality of Hurwitz numbers, Bouchard-Mariño conjecture, and a new proof of the ELSV formula
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- A matrix model for hypergeometric Hurwitz numbers
- Hypergeometric \(\tau\)-functions, Hurwitz numbers and enumeration of paths
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- BKP and projective Hurwitz numbers
- Double ramification cycles on the moduli spaces of curves
- Equivariant GW theory of stacky curves
- Counting generalized Jenkins-Strebel differentials
- Changes of variables in ELSV-type formulas
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- The theta characteristic of a branched covering
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- The equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of \(\mathbb P^1\)
- Quasimodular forms and Jacobi-like forms
- Melting crystal, quantum torus and Toda hierarchy
- Towards the geometry of double Hurwitz numbers
- Tropicalizing the space of admissible covers
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- Genus expansion of matrix models and expansion of KP hierarchy
- A new symmetry of the colored Alexander polynomial
- Matrix model for the stationary sector of Gromov-Witten theory of \(\mathbf{P}^1\)
- Pillowcase covers: counting Feynman-like graphs associated with quadratic differentials
- Non-orientable branched coverings, \(b\)-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions (extended abstract)
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- On the lower bounds for real double Hurwitz numbers
- On KP-integrable Hurwitz functions
- On the tautological ring of \(\overline{\mathcal M}_{g,n}\).
- The Gromov-Witten potential of a point, Hurwitz numbers, and Hodge integrals.
- Shifted genus expanded \(\mathcal{W}_\infty\) algebra and shifted Hurwitz numbers
- On orbifold Gromov-Witten theory in codimension one
- Toda equations and piecewise polynomiality for mixed double Hurwitz numbers
- Infinite-dimensional topological field theories from Hurwitz numbers
- Combinatorial Floer homology
- Gromov-Witten/pairs correspondence for the quintic 3-fold
- Quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points on \(\mathcal {A}_n\)-resolutions
- Free fermions, \(W\)-algebras, and isomonodromic deformations
- The AKS theorem, A.C.I. systems and random matrix theory
- Genus expanded cut-and-join operators and generalized Hurwitz numbers
- Hurwitz theory and the double ramification cycle
- ON EQUIVALENCE OF TWO HURWITZ MATRIX MODELS
- On nonabelian theories and abelian differentials
- A short proof of the λg -conjecture without Gromov-Witten theory: Hurwitz theory and the moduli of curves
- A formula of two-partition Hodge integrals
- Introduction to Gromov-Witten theory
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- Surface branched covers and geometric 2-orbifolds
- Quasimodular forms and vector bundles
- Positive divisors in symplectic geometry
- Complete set of cut-and-join operators in the Hurwitz-Kontsevich theory
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