4D limit of melting crystal model and its integrable structure

Relationships between algebraic curves and physics (14H81) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Difference equations, scaling ((q)-differences) (39A13) Other fundamental interactions in quantum theory (81V19) Statistical mechanics of crystals (82D25)

Abstract: This paper addresses the problems of quantum spectral curves and 4D limit for the melting crystal model of 5D SUSY

U (1)

Yang-Mills theory on

m a t h b b R^{4} i m e s S^{1}

. The partition function

Z (m a t h b f t)

deformed by an infinite number of external potentials is a tau function of the KP hierarchy with respect to the coupling constants

m a t h b f t = (t_{1}, t_{2}, l d o t s)

. A single-variate specialization

Z (x)

of

Z (m a t h b f t)

satisfies a

q

-difference equation representing the quantum spectral curve of the melting crystal model. In the limit as the radius

R

of

S^{1}

in

m a t h b b R^{4} i m e s S^{1}

tends to

0

, it turns into a difference equation for a 4D counterpart

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (X)

of

Z (x)

. This difference equation reproduces the quantum spectral curve of Gromov-Witten theory of

m a t h b b {C P}^{1}

.

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (X)

is obtained from

Z (x)

by letting

R o 0

under an

R

-dependent transformation

x = x (X, R)

of

x

to

X

. A similar prescription of 4D limit can be formulated for

Z (m a t h b f t)

with an

R

-dependent transformation

m a t h b f t = m a t h b f t (m a t h b f T, R)

of

m a t h b f t

to

m a t h b f T = (T_{1}, T_{2}, l d o t s)

. This yields a 4D counterpart

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (m a t h b f T)

of

Z (m a t h b f t)

.

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (m a t h b f T)

agrees with a generating function of all-genus Gromov-Witten invariants of

m a t h b b {C P}^{1}

. Fay-type bilinear equations for

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (m a t h b f T)

can be derived from similar equations satisfied by

Z (m a t h b f t)

. The bilinear equations imply that

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (m a t h b f T)

, too, is a tau function of the KP hierarchy. These results are further extended to deformations

Z (m a t h b f t, s)

and

Z_{m a t h r m 4 D} (m a t h b f T, s)

by a discrete variable

s i n m a t h b b Z

, which are shown to be tau functions of the 1D Toda hierarchy.

Review text

This paper addresses the problems of quantum spectral curves and the 4D limit for the melting crystal model of 5D SUSY $U(1)$ Yang-Mills theory on $\mathbb{R}^4\times S^1$. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is a brief review of the melting crystal model. Combinatorial and fermionic expressions of the deformed partition function $Z(\mathbf{t})$ are introduced. The fermionic expression is further converted to a form that fits into the method of this work on quantum mirror curves of topological string theory. Section 3 presents the quantum spectral curve of the melting crystal model. The single-variate specialization $Z(x)$ of $Z(\mathbf{t})$ is introduced and shown to satisfy a $q$-difference equation representing the quantum spectral curve. The computations are mostly parallel to the case of topological string theory. Section 4 deals with the issue of 4D limit. The $R$-dependent transformations $x=x(X,R)$ and $\mathbf{t} = \mathbf{t}(\mathbf{T},R)$ are introduced, and $Z(x(X,R))$ and $Z(\mathbf{t}(\mathbf{T},R))$ are shown to converge as $R\to 0$. The functions $Z_{4D}(X)$ and $Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T})$ obtained in this limit are computed explicitly. The difference equation for $Z_{4D}(X)$ is derived, and confirmed to agree with the result of Dunin-Barkowski et al. Section 5 is devoted to Fay-type bilinear equations. A three-term bilinear equation plays a central role here. The bilinear equation for $Z(\mathbf{t})$ is shown to turn into a similar bilinear equation for $Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T})$ as $R\to 0$. The corresponding results for $Z(\mathbf{t},s)$ and $Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T},s)$ are presented in the Appendix. Section 6 concludes this paper.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(1)

INTEGRABLE STRUCTURE OF 5d$\mathcal{N} = 1$ SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS AND MELTING CRYSTAL

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