The equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of P^1

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2006.163.561MaRDI QIDQ2500436zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Andrei Okounkov, Rahul Pandharipande

Publication date 24 August 2006

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0207233

zbMATH Keywords

equivariant Gromov-Witten theoryHurwitz theoryToda hierarchy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relationships between algebraic curves and integrable systems (14H70) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10)

Abstract: We express all equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of the projective line as matrix elements of explicit operators acting in the Fock space. As a consequence, we prove the equivariant theory is governed by the 2-Toda hierarchy of Ueno and Takasaki. This is the second in a sequence of three papers devoted to the Gromov-Witten theory of nonsingular target curves (the first paper of the series is math.AG/0204305).

Review text

The authors give an explicit description of the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of \(\mathbb P^1\). Namely, they prove that the equivariant Gromov-Witten potential of \(\mathbb P^1\) satisfies the \(2\)nd Toda equation. In particular, all Gromov-Witten invariants of positive degree are determined by those of degree zero. This result also completes the proof of the GW/H-correspondence introduced in their previous article [Ann. Math. (2) 163, 517--560 (2006; Zbl 1105.14076)]. The proof is done in several steps. The key point is to prove that the generating function of the equivariant GW-invariants of \(\mathbb P^1\) equals a certain vacuum expectation value on the infinite wedge product (see Theorem 3). In order to prove Theorem 3, the authors proceed as follows: First, using the equivariant localization formula of \textit{T.~Graber} and \textit{R.~Pandharipande} [Invent. Math. 135, 487--518 (1999; Zbl 0953.14035)], they express the generating function of the degree \(d\) equivariant GW-invariants of \(\mathbb P^1\) in terms of the Hodge integrals over the moduli space \({\overline M}_{g,n}\) (see Proposition 1). Secondly, using the `ELSV-formula' obtained by \textit{T.~Ekedahl, S.~Lando, M.~Shapiro} and \textit{A.~Vainshtein} [Invent. Math. 146, 297--327 (2001; Zbl 1073.14041)], and then dealing with complex analytical issues, the authors prove that the generating series for the \(n\)-point Hodge integrals equals the vacuum expectation of a certain operator on the infinite wedge space (see Theorem 2). With the help of the formula given in Theorem 3, they establish that the Gromov-Witten potential satisfies the \(2\)nd Toda equation (see Theorem 5 and 7). The results of this article are further used by the same authors in [Invent. Math. 163, 47--108 (2006; Zbl 1140.14047)] to establish the Virasoro constraints for the relative Gromov-Witten theory of smooth target curves.

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(99)

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• Uniqueness theorem of W-constraints for simple singularities
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• Equivariant Gromov–Witten Theory of Affine Smooth Toric Deligne–Mumford Stacks
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• New approaches to integrable hierarchies of topological type
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• Polynomiality of the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of \(\mathbb{P}^{r-1}\)
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• Double Hurwitz numbers via the infinite wedge
• \(\mathcal {W}\)-constraints for the total descendant potential of a simple singularity
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• Gromov-Witten invariants of target curves via symplectic field theory
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