4D limit of melting crystal model and its integrable structure (Q2633475)

This paper addresses the problems of quantum spectral curves and the 4D limit for the melting crystal model of 5D SUSY \(U(1)\) Yang-Mills theory on \(\mathbb{R}^4\times S^1\). This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 is a brief review of the melting crystal model. Combinatorial and fermionic expressions of the deformed partition function \(Z(\mathbf{t})\) are introduced. The fermionic expression is further converted to a form that fits into the method of this work on quantum mirror curves of topological string theory. Section 3 presents the quantum spectral curve of the melting crystal model. The single-variate specialization \(Z(x)\) of \(Z(\mathbf{t})\) is introduced and shown to satisfy a \(q\)-difference equation representing the quantum spectral curve. The computations are mostly parallel to the case of topological string theory. Section 4 deals with the issue of 4D limit. The \(R\)-dependent transformations \(x=x(X,R)\) and \(\mathbf{t} = \mathbf{t}(\mathbf{T},R)\) are introduced, and \(Z(x(X,R))\) and \(Z(\mathbf{t}(\mathbf{T},R))\) are shown to converge as \(R\to 0\). The functions \(Z_{4D}(X)\) and \(Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T})\) obtained in this limit are computed explicitly. The difference equation for \(Z_{4D}(X)\) is derived, and confirmed to agree with the result of Dunin-Barkowski et al. Section 5 is devoted to Fay-type bilinear equations. A three-term bilinear equation plays a central role here. The bilinear equation for \(Z(\mathbf{t})\) is shown to turn into a similar bilinear equation for \(Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T})\) as \(R\to 0\). The corresponding results for \(Z(\mathbf{t},s)\) and \(Z_{4D}(\mathbf{T},s)\) are presented in the Appendix. Section 6 concludes this paper.