Triply mixed coverings of arbitrary base curves: quasimodularity, quantum curves and a mysterious topological recursion

DOI10.4171/AIHPD/118MaRDI QIDQ2159580zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marvin Anas Hahn, Felix Leid, Jan-Willem M. van Ittersum

Publication date 1 August 2022

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré D. Combinatorics, Physics and their Interactions (AIHPD) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03598

zbMATH Keywords

Hurwitz numbersquantum curvesquasimodular formsrecursions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Holomorphic modular forms of integral weight (11F11) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Geometric aspects of tropical varieties (14T20) Geometry and quantization, symplectic methods (81S10)

Abstract: Simple Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched morphisms between Riemann surfaces with fixed ramification data. In recent years, several variants of this notion for genus $0$ base curves have appeared in the literature. Among them are so-called monotone Hurwitz numbers, which are related to the HCIZ integral in random matrix theory and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers which count certain Grothendieck dessins d'enfants. We generalise the notion of Hurwitz numbers to interpolations between simple, monotone and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers to any genus and any number of arbitrary but fixed ramification profiles. This yields generalisations of several results known for Hurwitz numbers. When the target surface is of genus one, we show that the generating series of these interpolated Hurwitz numbers are quasimodular forms. In the case that all ramification is simple, we refine this result by writing this series as a sum of quasimodular forms corresonding to tropical covers weighted by Gromov-Witten invariants. Moreover, we derive a quantum curve for monotone and Grothendieck dessins d'enfants Hurwitz numbers for arbitrary genera and one arbitrary but fixed ramification profile. Thus, we obtain spectral curves via the semiclassical limit as input data for the CEO topological recursion. Astonishingly, we find that the CEO topological recursion for the genus $1$ spectral curve of the strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers compute the monotone Hurwitz numbers in genus $0$. Thus, we give a new proof that monotone Hurwitz numbers satisfy CEO topological recursion. This points to an unknown relation between those enumerants. Finally, specializing to target surface $mathbb{P}^1$, we find recursions for monotone and Grothendieck dessins d'enfants double Hurwitz numbers, which enables the computation of the respective Hurwitz numbers for any genera with one arbitrary but fixed ramification profile.

Review text

Summary: Simple Hurwitz numbers are classical invariants in enumerative geometry counting branched morphisms between Riemann surfaces with fixed ramification data. In recent years, several modifications of this notion for genus 0 base curves have appeared in the literature. Among them are so-called monotone Hurwitz numbers, which are related to the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integral in random matrix theory and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers which enumerate certain Grothendieck dessins d'enfants. We generalise the notion of Hurwitz numbers to interpolations between simple, monotone and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers for arbitrary genera and any number of arbitrary but fixed ramification profiles. This yields generalisations of several results known for Hurwitz numbers. When the target surface is of genus one, we show that the generating series of these interpolated Hurwitz numbers are quasimodular forms. In the case that all ramification is simple, we refine this result by writing this series as a sum of quasimodular forms corresponding to tropical covers weighted by Gromov-Witten invariants. Moreover, we derive a quantum curve for monotone and Grothendieck dessins d'enfants Hurwitz numbers for arbitrary genera and one arbitrary but fixed ramification profile. Thus, we obtain spectral curves via the semi-classical limit as input data for the Chekhov-Eynard-Orantin (CEO) topological recursion. Astonishingly, we find that the CEO topological recursion for the genus 1 spectral curve of the strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers computes the monotone Hurwitz numbers in genus 0. Thus, we give a new proof that monotone Hurwitz numbers satisfy CEO topological recursion. This points to an unknown relation between those enumerative invariants. Finally, specializing to target surface \(\mathbb{P}^1\), we find recursions for monotone and Grothendieck dessins d'enfants double Hurwitz numbers, which enables the computation of the respective Hurwitz numbers for any genera with one arbitrary but fixed ramification profile.

Recommendations

• Topological recursion and a quantum curve for monotone Hurwitz numbers
• Towards the topological recursion for double Hurwitz numbers
• A monodromy graph approach to the piecewise polynomiality of simple, monotone and Grothendieck dessins d'enfants double Hurwitz numbers
• Wall-crossing and recursion formulae for tropical Jucys covers
• Polynomiality of monotone Hurwitz numbers in higher genera

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Cited in

(11)

• Spectral curves for hypergeometric Hurwitz numbers
• Monotone orbifold Hurwitz numbers
• Quasi-polynomiality of monotone orbifold Hurwitz numbers and Grothendieck's dessins d'enfants
• Tropical jucys covers
• Topological recursion and a quantum curve for monotone Hurwitz numbers
• Quantum curves for simple Hurwitz numbers of an arbitrary base curve
• Twisted tropical Hurwitz numbers for elliptic curves
• Quantum KdV hierarchy and shifted symmetric functions
• Quasimodular asymptotics of spherical integrals
• Correlation function of self-conjugate partitions: q-difference equation and quasimodularity
• Quasi-Jacobi forms, Appell-Lerch functions, and false theta functions as q-brackets of functions on partitions

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• ellipticcovers.lib

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