Hausdorff dimension of Gauss-Cantor sets and two applications to classical Lagrange and Markov spectra

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108693MaRDI QIDQ2089665zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Carlos Matheus, Mark Pollicott, C. Moreira, P. Vytnova

Publication date 24 October 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06572

zbMATH Keywords

continued fraction algorithmHausdorff dimensionMarkov and Lagrange spectrasubshifts of finite type

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continued fractions (11A55) Markov and Lagrange spectra and generalizations (11J06) Metric theory of other algorithms and expansions; measure and Hausdorff dimension (11K55) Thermodynamic formalism, variational principles, equilibrium states for dynamical systems (37D35) Computational methods for ergodic theory (approximation of invariant measures, computation of Lyapunov exponents, entropy, etc.) (37M25)

Abstract: This paper is dedicated to the study of two famous subsets of the real line, namely Lagrange spectrum $L$ and Markov spectrum $M$. Our first result, Theorem 2.1, provides a rigorous estimate on the smallest value $t_1$ such that the portion of the Markov spectrum $(-infty,t_1)capM$ has Hausdorff dimension $1$. Our second result, Theorem 3.1, gives a new upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the set difference $MsetminusL$. Our method combines new facts about the structure of the classical spectra together with finer estimates on the Hausdorff dimension of Gauss--Cantor sets of continued fraction expansions whose entries satisfy appropriate restrictions.

Review text

Let \[ L := \Big\{\limsup_{\substack{p,q \to \infty \\ p \in \mathbb{Z},q \in \mathbb{N}}} \frac{1}{\lvert q^2\alpha - pg\rvert} < \infty: \alpha \in \mathbb{R}\Big\} \] and \[ M := \Big\{\sup_{\substack{(p,q) \in \mathbb{Z}^2\\ (p,q) \neq (0,0)}} \frac{1}{\lvert ap^2 + bpq + cq^2\rvert} < \infty: ax^2 + bxy + cy^2 \text{ real indefinite, } b^2 - 4ac = 1\Big\} \] denote the classical Lagrange respectively Markov spectrum and let \(\dim_{H}(X)\) denote the Hausdorff dimension of \(X\). As it was shown in [\textit{C. Moreira}, Ann. Math. (2) 188, No. 1, 145--170 (2018; Zbl 1404.11095)], for any \(t > 0\), \(\dim_{H}((-\infty,t]\cap M) = \dim_{H}((-\infty,t]\cap L)\) and \(f(t) := \dim_{H}((-\infty,t]\cap M)\) is continuous and non-decreasing. In the first main statement (Theorem 2.1), the authors consider \(t_1 := \inf\{t \in \mathbb{R}: f(t) = 1\}\) and prove that \(t_1 = 3.3334384\ldots.\) This confirms heuristic bounds obtained by \textit{R. T. Bumby} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 331, 192--206 (1982; Zbl 0468.10032)] and improves the currently best rigorous upper and lower bounds by \textit{M. Hall jun.} [Acta Arith. 18, 387--399 (1971; Zbl 0224.10023)] and \textit{C. Moreira} [Ann. Math. (2) 188, No. 1, 145--170 (2018; Zbl 1404.11095)] given by \(\sqrt{10} = 3.162277\ldots < t_1 < \sqrt{12} = 3.464101\ldots\). By a similar approach, the values \(\inf\{t \in \mathbb{R}: f(t) = \frac{n}{k}\}, k = 1,2,\ldots,n-1\) are approximated, with the approximate plot of \(f\) being shown in the article (Figure 1). The second main statement (Theorem 3.1) treats the Hausdorff dimension of \(M\setminus L\). The authors show that \(0.537152 < \dim_{H}(M \setminus L) < 0.796445\) which improves the currently best bounds \(0.5312 < \dim_{H}(M \setminus L) < 0.8823\) due to \textit{C. Matheus} and \textit{C. G. Moreira} [Comment. Math. Helv. 95, No. 3, 593--633 (2020; Zbl 1465.11165)] and \textit{M. Pollicott} and \textit{P. Vytnova} [``Hausdorff dimension estimates applied to Lagrange and Markov spectra, Zaremba theory, and limit sets of Fuchsian groups, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Ser. B 9, 1102--1159 (2022; Zbl 07638529)]. Both proofs are computer-assisted and could be refined when using additional computational resources.

Recommendations

• The Lagrange and Markov spectra from the dynamical point of view
• Fractal geometry of the complement of Lagrange spectrum in Markov spectrum
• $\mathrm{HD}(M\setminus L) > 0.353$
• Geometric properties of the Markov and Lagrange spectra
• Markov spectrum near Freiman's isolated points in M L

Cites work

• A new point in Lagrange spectrum
• Arb: Efficient Arbitrary-Precision Midpoint-Radius Interval Arithmetic
• Classical and dynamical Markov and Lagrange spectra. Dynamical, fractal and arithmetic aspects
• Ergodic theory. With a view towards number theory
• Fractal geometry of the complement of Lagrange spectrum in Markov spectrum
• Geometric properties of the Markov and Lagrange spectra
• Hausdorff dimension estimates applied to Lagrange and Markov spectra, Zaremba theory, and limit sets of Fuchsian groups
• Hausdorff dimensions of Cantor sets.
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 43747 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 53149 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3488665 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1122124 (Why is no real title available?)
• Markoff triples and strong approximation
• On the Number of Markoff Numbers Below a Given Bound
• On the sum and product of continued fractions
• Phase transitions on the Markov and Lagrange dynamical spectra
• Repellers for real analytic maps
• Rigorous effective bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of continued fraction Cantor sets: A hundred decimal digits for the dimension of \(E_{2}\)
• Stable and Random Motions in Dynamical Systems
• Stable intersections of regular Cantor sets with large Hausdorff dimensions
• The Markoff spectrum
• The modular group action on real SL(2)-characters of a one-holed torus
• The Ten Martini problem

Cited in

(14)

• Hausdorff dimension of Markov invariant sets
• Fractal geometry of the complement of Lagrange spectrum in Markov spectrum
• Some spectral applications Of McMullen's Hausdorff dimension algorithm
• Continuity of Hausdorff dimension across generic dynamical Lagrange and Markov spectra. II
• $\mathrm{HD}(M\setminus L) > 0.353$
• A Fourier analytical characterization of the Hausdorff dimension of a closed set and of related Lebesgue spaces
• Hausdorff dimension estimates applied to Lagrange and Markov spectra, Zaremba theory, and limit sets of Fuchsian groups
• New gaps on the Lagrange and Markov spectra
• New examples of M L: intruder sets
• Comparing regular and backward continued fractions: Lochs-type theorems and approximation properties
• New portions of M L and a lower bound on the Hausdorff distance between L and M
• On the classical Lagrange and Markov spectra: new results on the local dimension and the geometry of the difference set
• Concentration of dimension in extremal points of left-half lines in the Lagrange spectrum
• Lectures on equilibrium states, mixing and dimension

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• Arb

This page was built for publication: Hausdorff dimension of Gauss-Cantor sets and two applications to classical Lagrange and Markov spectra

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2089665)