On M -supplemented subgroups
We will consider only finite groups. The aim of this paper is the study of groups in which some subgroups of prime-power order satisfy a subgroup embedding property, namely \(\mathcal{M}\)-supplementation. A subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) is \textit{\(\mathcal{M}\)-supplemented} in~\(G\) if \(G\) has a subgroup \(K\) such that \(G=HK\) and \(H_iK<G\) for every maximal subgroup \(H_i\) of \(H\). When this happens, \(K\) is said to be an \textit{\(\mathcal{M}\)-supplement} of \(H\) in~\(G\). Let \(p\) be a fixed prime number. We say that \(G\in \mathcal{M}(p^k)\) if \(p^k\) is a prime power such that \(p\le p^k\le \lvert G\rvert\) and all subgroups of order \(p^k\) of \(G\) are \(\mathcal{M}\)-supplemented in~\(G\). The aim of this paper is to classify the groups in \(\mathcal{M}(p^k)\) for \(k\ge 2\). The main result of this paper is Theorem~A: Assume that \(\operatorname{O}_{p'}(G)=1\). Then \(G\in \mathcal{M}(p^k)\) with \(k\ge 2\) if and only if the following statements hold: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(G=\langle x\rangle\ltimes P\) where \(P\) is a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of~\(G\); \item[2.] \(\Phi(G)=\Phi(P)\) is contained in all subgroups of\(G\) of order \(p^{k-1}\); \item[3.] \(x\) acts faithfully and via scalar multiplication on the vector space \(P/\Phi(P)\). \end{itemize} In particular, these groups have no nonabelian chief factors of order divisible by~\(p\). As a consequence, we have (Corollary~B) that if \(G\in\mathcal{M}(p^k)\) with \(k\ge 2\), then \(G/{\operatorname{O}_{p'}(G)}\) is a supersoluble group with a normal Sylow \(p\)-subgroup and cyclic \(p\)-complement of order dividing \(p-1\). We also have (Corollary~C) that, for a \(p\)-group \(G\), \(G\in\mathcal{M}(p^k)\) if and only if \(\Phi(G)\) is contained in all subgroups of \(G\) of order~\(p^{k-1}\). The proof of Theorem~A depends on the analysis of the groups \(G\in\mathcal{M}(p^k)\) with \(\operatorname{O}_{p'}(G)=1\) and \(\lvert \Phi(G)\rvert=p^{k-1}\). In this case (Theorem~D), one and only one of the following holds: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(G=H\ltimes P\), where \(H\) is isomorphic to a subgroup of \(C_{p-1}\) and \(P=\operatorname{C}_G(P)\cong C_{p^k}\); \item[2.] \(p^k=2^2\) and \(G\) is isomorphic to the quaternion group of order~\(8\). \end{itemize} The proofs do not depend on the classification of finite simple groups.
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