Regular points of extremal subsets in Alexandrov spaces
In this article finite-dimensional Alexandrov spaces \(M\) of curvature bounded below are considered. The author defines the notion of \textit{regular point} for points on extremal subsets of the space and studies the main properties of this notion. A point \(p\) on an extremal subset \(E\) of Hausdorff dimension \(m\) is regular if the tangent cone of \(E\) at \(p\) is isometric to the Euclidean space of dimension \(m\). The main result of the article is: \textbf{Theorem 1.1} Let \(E\) be a primitive extremal subset of \(M\). Then, \begin{itemize} \item[1.] The Hausdoff and topological dimensions of \(E\) coincide. Moreover, they coincide with the maximal dimension \(m\) of open subsets of \(E\) which are homeomorphic to Euclidean balls. \item[2.] Let \(p\) be a regular point of \(E\). Then for any \(\varepsilon >0\) there exists a neighborhood of \(p\) in \(E\) which is \(\varepsilon\)-almost isometric to an open set in the Euclidean space of dimension \(m\) with respect to both the inner and extrinsic metrics on \(E\). \item[3.] The Hausdorff dimension of the complement of the regular points in \(E\) is \(\leq m-1\) and, in particular, the set of regular points of \(E\) is dense in \(E\). \end{itemize} This theorem is also extended for a weaker class of \((m,\delta)\)-strained points which are not necessarily regular points of \(E\) in Theorem 1.2. As applications, the author shows the volume convergence of extremal subsets when assuming a non-collapsing convergence of the Alexandrov spaces involved (Theorem 1.3), as well as the existence of a cone-fibration structure of a metric neighborhood of the regular part of \(E\) (Theorem 1.4).
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