Density of random subsets and applications to group theory

Publication date 28 November 2022

Abstract: Developing an idea of M. Gromov, we study the intersection formula for random subsets with density. The extit{density} of a subset

A

in a finite set

E

is defined by

d e n s A := l o g_{| E |} (| A |)

. The aim of this article is to give a precise meaning of Gromov's extit{intersection formula}: "Random subsets"

A

and

B

of a finite set

E

satisfy

d e n s (A c a p B) = d e n s A + d e n s B - 1

. As an application, we exhibit a phase transition phenomenon for random presentations of groups at density

l a m b d a / 2

for any

0 < l a m b d a < 1

, characterizing the

C^{'} (l a m b d a)

-small cancellation condition. We also improve an important result of random groups by G. Arzhantseva and A. Ol'shanskii from density

0

to density

0 l e q d < f r a c 1 120 m^{2} l n (2 m)

.

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