Density of sets of natural numbers and the Lévy group

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2006.09.001MaRDI QIDQ877927zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Melvyn B. Nathanson, Rohit Parikh

Publication date 4 May 2007

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0604055

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic densityinfinite permutations preserving densityLévy group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Density, gaps, topology (11B05) Additive bases, including sumsets (11B13) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75)

Abstract: Let $N$ denote the set of positive integers. The asymptotic density of the set $AsubseteqN$ is $d(A)=li{m}_{noinfty}|Acap[1,n]|/n$, if this limit exists. Let $mathcalAD$ denote the set of all sets of positive integers that have asymptotic density, and let $S_N$ denote the set of all permutations of the positive integers N. The group $mathcal{L}^{sharp}$ consists of all permutations $fin{S}_N$ such that $AinmathcalAD$ if and only if $f(A)inmathcalAD$, and the group $mathcal{L}^{ast}$ consists of all permutations $finmathcal{L}^{sharp}$ such that $d(f(A))=d(A)$ for all $AinmathcalAD$. Let $f:NoN$ be a one-to-one function such that $d(f(N))=1$ and, if $AinmathcalAD$, then $f(A)inmathcalAD$. It is proved that $f$ must also preserve density, that is, $d(f(A))=d(A)$ for all $AinmathcalAD$. Thus, the groups $mathcal{L}^{sharp}$ and $mathcal{L}^{ast}$ coincide.

Review text

Let \(d(A)\) denote the asymptotic density of a subset \(A\) of the set \(\mathbb N\) of positive integers, and let \(\mathcal{AD}\) denote the set of all sets \(A\) having asymptotic density. If \(S_{\mathbb N}\) denotes the group of all permutations of \(\mathbb N\), let \(\mathcal{L}^\sharp\) denote the group of all permutations \(g\in S_{\mathbb N}\) such that \(A\in\mathcal{AD}\) if and only if \(g(A)\in\mathcal{AD}\). If in addition we also have \(d(A)=d(g(A))\) for all \(A\in\mathcal{AD}\), then the corresponding set \(\mathcal{L}^*\), known as the Lévy group, is a subgroup of \(\mathcal{L}^\sharp\). The main result of the paper implies that if \(f:\mathbb N\to\mathbb N\) is a one-to-one function (not necessarily a permutation) such that \(A\in\mathcal{AD}\) implies that \(f(A)\in\mathcal{AD}\), then also \(d(f(A))=\lambda d(A)\) for all \(A\in\mathcal{AD}\), where \(\lambda=d(f(\mathbb N))\). This implies that \(\mathcal{L}^*=\mathcal{L}^\sharp\).

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Cites work

• A note on certain permutation groups in the infinite dimensional rotation group
• Density of natural numbers and the Lévy group
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• Permutations preserving Cesàro mean, densities of natural numbers and uniform distribution of sequences

Cited in

(10)

• Asymptotic density of certain sets of natural numbers
• Density of natural numbers and the Lévy group
• Density of random subsets and applications to group theory
• Lévy group and density measures
• On mappings preserving measurability
• Note on a subgroup of Levy’s group
• A note on certain permutation groups in the infinite dimensional rotation group
• A remark about the density of the orbits of the Collatz permutation
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 695608 (Why is no real title available?)
• Some remarks on permutations which preserve the weighted density

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