Power homogeneous compacta and variations on tightness

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2022.108281MaRDI QIDQ2105042zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors N. A. Carlson

Publication date 8 December 2022

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01273

zbMATH Keywords

cardinal invariantscardinality boundshomogeneous spaceweak tightness

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete subsets) (54A25) Product spaces in general topology (54B10)

Abstract: The weak tightness $wt(X)$, introduced in [6], has the property $wt(X)leqt(X)$. It was shown in [4] that if $X$ is a homogeneous compactum then $|X|leq{2}^{wt(X)pichi(X)}$. We introduce the almost tightness $at(X)$ with the property $wt(X)leqat(X)leqt(X)$ and show that if $X$ is a power homogeneous compactum then $|X|leq{2}^{at(X)pichi(X)}$. This improves the result of arhangelskii, van Mill, and Ridderbos in [2] that $|X|leq{2}^{t(X)}$ for a power homogeneous compactum $X$ and gives a partial answer to a question in [4]. In addition, if $X$ is a homogeneous Hausdorff space we show that $|X|leq{2}^{p{w}_{c}L(X)wt(X)pichi(X)pct(X)}$, improving a result in [3]. It also extends the result in [4] into the Hausdorff setting. The cardinal invariant $pw{L}_c(X)$, introduced in [5] by Bella and Spadaro, satisfies $pw{L}_c(X)leqL(X)$ and $pw{L}_c(X)leqc(X)$. We also show the weight $w(X)$ of a homogeneous space $X$ is bounded in various contexts using $wt(X)$. One such result is that if $X$ is homogeneous and regular then $w(X)leq{2}^{L(X)wt(X)pct(X)}$. This generalizes a result in [4] that if $X$ is a homogeneous compactum then $w(X)leq{2}^{wt(X)}$.

Review text

``Motivated by results of \textit{I. Juhász} and \textit{J. van Mill} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 146, No. 1, 429--437 (2018; Zbl 1382.54002)], the weak tightness \(wt(X)\) of a topological space \(X\) was introduced in [\textit{N. Carlson}, Topology Appl. 249, 103--111 (2018; Zbl 1403.54002)] with the property \(wt(X)\leq t(X)\). This cardinal invariant was investigated further by \textit{A. Bella} and the author [Monatsh. Math. 192, No. 1, 39--48 (2020; Zbl 1440.54005)]. A space \(X\) is homogeneous if for all \(x, y\in X\) there exists a homeomorphism \(h:X\rightarrow X\) such that \(h(x)=y\). \(X\) is power homogeneous if there exists a cardinal \(\kappa\) such that \(X^{\kappa}\) is homogeneous. In this paper, the author proves the following results. Theorem 3.19. If \(X\) is a power homogeneous compactum then \(|X|\leq2^{at(X)\pi_{\chi}(X)}\). Theorem 3.20. If \(X\) is a power homogeneous Hausdorff space then \(|X|\leq2^{L(X)at(X)\pi_{\chi}(X)pct(X)}\). Theorem 4.4. If \(X\) is homogeneous and Hausdorff then \(|X|\leq2^{pwL_c(X)wt(X)\pi_{\chi}(X)pct(X)}\). Theorem 4.8. If \(X\) is a homogeneous regular Hausdorff space then \(w(X)\leq2^{L(X)wt(X)pct(X)}\). (Here \(at(X)\) denotes almost tightness introduced in the present paper, and \(pwL_c\) is the piecewise weak Lindelöf degree for closed sets, a cardinal invariant introduced in [\textit{A. Bella} and \textit{S. Spadaro}, Can. Math. Bull. 63, No. 1, 197--203 (2020; Zbl 1437.54004)].)

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Cited in

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