Arithmetic equivalence for non-geometric extensions of global function fields
If \(K\) is a number field and \(p\in{\mathbb Z}\) is a prime number, let \({\mathcal O}_K\) be the ring of integers of \(K\) and let \(p{\mathcal O}_K={\mathfrak p}_1^{e_1}\cdots {\mathfrak p}_r^{e_r}\) be the prime ideal decomposition of \(p\) in \({\mathcal O}_K\). If \(f_1\leq\cdots\leq f_r\) are the inertia degrees of \({\mathfrak p}_1,\ldots,{\mathfrak p}_r\) respectively, set \(f_K(p)=(f_1,\ldots,f_r)\). Two number fields \(K_1,K_2\) are \textit{arithmetically equivalent} (over \({\mathbb Q}\)) if \(f_{K_1}(p)=f_{K_2}(p)\) for all prime numbers \(p\in{\mathbb Z}\) up to a set of exceptions of Dirichlet density zero. The first in considering arithmetically equivalent fields was \textit{F. Gaßmann} [Math. Z. 25, 661--675 (1926; JFM 52.0156.03)] and he found two non isomorphic number fields arithmetically equivalent over \({\mathbb Q}\) of degree \(180\). \textit{R. Perlis} [J. Number Theory 9, 342--360 (1977; Zbl 0389.12006)], began a systematic study of arithmetically equivalent number fields and found several properties and equivalences to the concept of arithmetic equivalence (Gassmann equivalence, Dedekind zeta function, etc.). \textit{G. Cornelissen} et al. [J. Number Theory 130, No. 4, 1000--1012 (2010; Zbl 1197.11112)] studied arithmetically equivalence over \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\) for geometric extensions. They prove that most of Perlis' results are valid in the function field setting and also showed that \(K\) and \(L\) are arithmetically equivalent with empty set of exceptions if and only if \(\zeta_K^{[0]}(s)=\zeta_L^{[0]}(s)\), where \(\zeta_K^{[0]} (s)\) is the lifted Goss function. The article under review has two parts. First, in Sections 2 and 3, it generalizes the results of Cornelissen et al. [loc. cit.] to finite separable extensions of \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\), not necessarily geometric, and gives a proper definition of lifted Goss zeta function. The second part of the paper, in Section 4, presents an example of two non geometric extensions \(K\) and \(L\) of \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\) which are arithmetically equivalent and non isomorphic over \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\) but such that they are not equivalent over \({\mathbb F}_{q^2}(T)\). Note that in general, if \(K\) and \(L\) are arithmetically equivalent over \({\mathbb F}_{q^r}(T)\), then they are arithmetically equivalent over \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\).
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