A new statistic on Dyck paths for counting 3-dimensional Catalan words

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2022.113247MaRDI QIDQ2111910zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kassie Archer, Christina Graves

Publication date 17 January 2023

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.09686

zbMATH Keywords

Dyck pathsCatalan wordsMotzkin pathsMotzkin ballot numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19)

Abstract: A 3-dimensional Catalan word is a word on three letters so that the subword on any two letters is a Dyck path. For a given Dyck path $D$, a recently defined statistic counts the number of Catalan words with the property that any subword on two letters is exactly $D$. In this paper, we enumerate Dyck paths with this statistic equal to certain values, including all primes. The formulas obtained are in terms of Motzkin numbers and Motzkin ballot numbers.

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Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1242264 (Why is no real title available?)
• A bijection between two subfamilies of Motzkin paths
• An elementary approach to solve recursions relative to the enumeration of S-Motzkin paths
• Andre's reflection proof generalized to the many-candidate ballot problem
• Generalizing Narayana and Schröder numbers to higher dimensions
• Motzkin numbers
• Pattern-restricted permutations composed of 3-cycles

Cited in

(3)

• Three-dimensional Catalan numbers and product-coproduct prographs
• Counting lattice points on bargraphs of Catalan words
• Chebyshev polynomials and statistics on a new collection of words in the Catalan family

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