Multiplicity along points of a radicial covering of a regular variety

DOI10.1307/MMJ/20195775MaRDI QIDQ2113442zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Diego Sulca, Orlando E. Villamayor

Publication date 14 March 2022

Published in Michigan Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.14651

zbMATH Keywords

differential operators multiplicity radicial extensions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global theory and resolution of singularities (algebro-geometric aspects) (14E15)

Abstract: We study the maximal multiplicity locus of a variety

X

over a field of characteristic

p > 0

that is provided with a finite surjective radical morphism

d e l t a : X i g h t a r r o w V

, where

V

is regular, for example, when

X s u b s e t m a t h b b A^{n + 1}

is a hypersurface defined by an equation of the form

T^{q} - f (x_{1}, l d o t s, x_{n}) = 0

and

d e l t a

is the projection onto

V := o p e r a t o r n a m e S p e c (k [x_{1}, l d o t s, x_{n}])

. The multiplicity along points of

X

is bounded by the degree, say

d

, of the field extension

K (V) s u b s e t K (X)

. We denote by

F_{d} (X) s u b s e t X

the set of points of multiplicity

d

. Our guiding line is the search for invariants of singularities

x i n F_{d} (X)

with a good behavior property under blowups

X^{'} i g h t a r r o w X

along regular centers included in

F_{d} (X)

, which we call emph{invariants with the pointwise inequality property}. A finite radicial morphism

d e l t a : X o V

as above will be expressed in terms of an

m a t h c a l O_{V}^{q}

-submodule

m a t h s c r M s u b s e t e q m a t h c a l O_{V}

. A blowup

X^{'} o X

along a regular equimultiple center included in

F_{d} (X)

induces a blowup

V^{'} o V

along a regular center and a finite morphism

d e l t a^{'} : X^{'} o V^{'}

. A notion of transform of the

m a t h c a l O_{V}^{q}

-module

m a t h s c r M s u b s e t m a t h c a l O_{V}

to an

m a t h c a l O_{V^{'}}^{q}

-module

m a t h s c r M^{'} s u b s e t m a t h c a l O_{V^{'}}

will be defined in such a way that

d e l t a^{'} : X^{'} o V^{'}

is the radicial morphism defined by

m a t h s c r M^{'}

. Our search for invariants relies on techniques involving differential operators on regular varieties and also on logarithmic differential operators. Indeed, the different invariants we introduce and the stratification they define will be expressed in terms of ideals obtained by evaluating differential operators of

V

on

m a t h c a l O_{V}^{q}

-submodules

m a t h s c r M s u b s e t m a t h c a l O_{V}

.

Review text

The purpose of this paper is the study of the maximum multiplicity locus of a variety \(X\) defined over a field of positive characteristic \(p>0\), in the case in which \(X\) comes together with a finite surjective radicial morphism \(\delta: X\to V\) with \(V\) regular. If the generic rank of the morphism is \(d\), then the maximum multiplicity of \(X\) is bounded by \(d\). The set of points of multiplicity \(d\) is denoted by \(F_d(X)\), which is assumed to be non-empty, and suppose that \(d=p^e\), for some \(e\in {\mathbb Z}_{>0}\). The goal is to find invariants of singularities for the points in \(F_d(X)\) that do not get worse after blow ups at regular centers contained in \(F_d(X)\). Such invariants will be called \textit{invariants with the pointwise inequality property}. The approach here will be to pay attention to \(\delta(F_d(X))\) which is homomorphic to \(F_d(X)\) and define the invariant of \(x\in F_d(X)\) really for \(\delta(x)\). This is in principle a plausible approach because it also can be proved that \(Y\subset F_d(X)\) is an integral regular subscheme if an only if its schematic image \(\delta(Y)\subset V\) is regular, and then there is a commutative diagram of blow ups and finite surjective morphisms, \[ \begin{tikzcd} X \arrow[r] \arrow[d,"\delta"] & X_1 \arrow[d, "\delta_1"] \\ V \arrow[r] & V_1 \end{tikzcd}\tag{1} \] From he choice of the center, the maximum multiplicity of \(X_1\) is less than or equal to \(d\). As an example, suppose that \(V=\mathrm{Spec}(S)\) with \(S\) of finite type over a field \(k\), that \(X\subset V\times {\mathbb A}_k^1\) is defined by some polynomial \[ p(T)=T^d+f_1T^{d-1}+\ldots+f_d\in S[T], \] and if \(d\) is not divisible by the characteristic of \(k\). Then it is possible to define an ideal \(J\subset S\) and a positive integer \(b\) so that \[\delta(F_d)=\mathrm{Sing}(J,b):=\{\xi \in V: \nu_{\xi}(J)\geq b\},\] where \(\nu_{\xi}\) denotes the order at the regular local ring \({\mathcal O}_{V,\xi}\). And this description is valid after blowing up ar equimultiple regular centers using commutative diagrams as in (1). The ideal \(J\) is obtained from applying certain homogeneous polynomials to the coefficients of \(p(T)\) that, among other properties, are invariant under translations of the form \(T\to T+s\), with \(s\in S\). The case treated in this paper includes situations in which \[ p(T)=T^q-f(x_1,\ldots, x_n) \] where \(q\) is a power of the characteristic \(p>0\) of \(k\). Here, translations of the form \(T'=T+s\) lead to \(T^{'q}-(f+s)\), hence the ideal \(\langle f\rangle\) is not a good substitute for \(J\). Instead, it makes sense to consider \(f\) up to equivalence: \(f\sim f'\) if \(f-f'\in S^q\). This leads to considering the \(S^q\)-submodule \(M\subset S\) generated by \(f\) and to considering \(S^q\)-submodules of \(S\) up to the equivalence, \(M\sim M'\), if \(M+S^q=M'+S^q\). In addition, the embedding \(X\subset {\mathbb A}^{n+1}_k\) is not necessary, and \(X\) can be determined as a \(V\)-scheme by considering the \(S^q\)-subalgebra of \(S\) generated by \(f\): \(S^q[f]\). After the blow up at a regular equimultiple center, a notion of transform of the \(S^q\)-module \(M\) is defined so that given a commutative diagram as (1), the transform of \(M\) is, up to equivalence, the module \(M_1\) associated to \(X_1\). Invariants for the singularities of maximum multiplicity of \(X\) are defined in terms of \(M\). These invariants induce a stratification of the top multiplicity locus of \(X\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(1)

On the highest multiplicity locus of algebraic varieties and Rees algebras

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

SINGULAR

This page was built for publication: Multiplicity along points of a radicial covering of a regular variety

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2113442)