Moduli dimensions of lattice polygons

Families, moduli of curves (algebraic) (14H10) Foundations of tropical geometry and relations with algebra (14T10) Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) (52B20)

Abstract: Given a lattice polygon

P

with

g

interior lattice points, we associate to it the moduli space of tropical curves of genus

g

with Newton polygon

P

. We completely classify the possible dimensions such a moduli space can have. For non-hyperelliptic polygons the dimension must be between

g

and

2 g + 1

, and can take on any integer value in this range, with exceptions only in the cases of genus

3

,

4

, and

7

. We provide a similar result for hyperelliptic polygons, for which the range of dimensions is from

g

to

2 g - 1

. In the case of non-hyperelliptic polygons, our results also hold for the moduli space of algebraic curves that are non-degenerate with respect to

P

.

Review text

The \emph{genus} of a lattice polygon \(P\) is the number of interior vertices. A lattice polygon \(P\) is called \emph{hyperelliptic} if its interior lattice points are collinear. Let \(\mathbb{M}_P\) denote the moduli space of skeletons of smooth tropical plane curves with Newton polygon \(P\). The authors classify the possible values for \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\). More precisely, the possible values of \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\) for non-hyperelliptic \(P\) and \(g \geq 3\) are \(\{g, \ldots, 2g+1\}\) minus the impossible combinations \((g, \dim \mathbb{M}_P) \in \{ (3,7), (4, 4), (7, 7) \}\) plus the exceptional case \((7, 16)\). With hyperelliptic \(P\) the possible values for \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\) and \(g \geq 2\) are \(\{g, \ldots, 2g-1\}\). For the non-hyperelliptic case note that the upper bounds on \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\) have been established in [\textit{S. Brodsky} et al., Res. Math. Sci. 2, Paper No. 4, 31 p. (2015; Zbl 1349.14043)]. The bulk of the work in the present article is to establish the lower bound, especially for the exceptional cases. In order to show that every intermediate value for \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\) is attained, the authors give explicit polygons. Furthermore, the authors show their theorem to be false when only \emph{maximal} lattice polygons are allowed. For the hyperelliptic case, the authors use the complete classification of hyperelliptic lattice polygons. They derive a formula for the dimension of the moduli space of smooth tropical plane curves dual to a given unimodular triangulation. Based on this formula, \(\dim \mathbb{M}_P\) is computed for any hyperelliptic polygon of genus \(g \geq 2\).

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