Classification of foliations of degree three on P^2_C with a flat Legendre transform

DOI10.5802/AIF.3431MaRDI QIDQ2115487zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Samir Bedrouni, David Marín

Publication date 17 March 2022

Published in Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.08526

zbMATH Keywords

flatnesshomogeneous foliationLegendre transformationWeb

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Pencils, nets, webs in algebraic geometry (14C21) Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations (32S65) Differential geometry of webs (53A60)

Abstract: The set $mathbfF(3)$ of foliations of degree three on the complex projective plane can be identified with a Zariski's open set of a projective space of dimension $23$ on which acts $mathrmAut(mathbb{P}_{mathbbC}^2)$. The subset $mathbfFP(3)$ of $mathbfF(3)$ consisting of foliations of $mathbfF(3)$ with a flat Legendre transform (dual web) is a Zariski closed subset of $mathbfF(3)$. We classify up to automorphism of $mathbb{P}_{mathbbC}^2$ the elements of $mathbfFP(3)$. More precisely, we show that up to automorphism there are $16$ foliations of degree three with a flat Legendre transform. From this classification we deduce that $mathbfFP(3)$ has exactly $12$ irreducible components. We also deduce that up to automorphism there are $4$ convex foliations of degree three on $mathbb{P}_{mathbbC}^2.$

Review text

A global \(k\)-web \(\mathcal{W}\) on the complex projective plane \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) is defined by a section of \(H^{0}(\mathbb{P}^{2}, \mathrm{Sym}^k {\Omega}^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}\otimes N)\), where \(N\) is a line bundle of \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}\), called the normal bundle of \(\mathcal{W}\). If we write \(N=\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(d+2k)\), \(d\) is called the degree of \(\mathcal{W}\), and it represents the number of tangencies between \(\mathcal{W}\) and a generic line in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). Locally, around a generic point, a \(k\)-web \(\mathcal{W}\) factorizes as the product of \(k\) pairwise non collinear \(1\)-forms, and it can be represented as \(k\) foliations pairwise transverse. The subset of points where this condition does not hold is called the discriminant \(\Delta(\mathcal{W})\) of \(\mathcal{W}\). The curvature of \(\mathcal{W}\) is a meromorphic \(2\)-form \(K(\mathcal{W})\) canonically associated to \(\mathcal{W}\) with poles contained in \(\Delta(\mathcal{W})\), defined as the sum of Blaschke curvatures of all \(3\)-subwebs of \(\mathcal{W}\). If \(K(\mathcal{W})\) is identically zero, \(\mathcal{W}\) is said to be flat. There exists a correspondence, called Legendre transform, between foliations of degree \(d\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) and global \(d\)-webs on the dual space of \(\mathbb{P}^{2},\) studied by the second author of the work under review and \textit{J. Vitorio} [Asian J. Math. 17, No. 1, 163--192 (2013; Zbl 1330.53020)]. The main contribution of this work (Theorem A) is the classification of the set \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\) of the foliations of degree \(3\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) whose Legendre transform is flat, and where are given sixteen families of foliations, up to an automorphism of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}.\) This result extends a previous result of the authors [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 146, No. 3, 479--516 (2018; Zbl 1435.53024)] about the classification of homogeneous foliations of \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\). As a more important consequence, it is obtained the decomposition of \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\) into its irreducible components by studying the orbits of the above families under the action of the automorphisms of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). Moreover, the authors also discuss nice applications to the classification of the convex foliations of degree three of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\), up to automorphism of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). This work contains interesting results concerning algebriac foliations in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\).

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Cited in

(10)

• Convex foliations of degree 5 on the complex projective plane
• Degree of the exceptional component of foliations of degree two and codimension one in \({\mathbb{P}}^3\)
• A new proof of the classification of convex foliations of degree two on the complex projective plane
• Rigid flat web on the projective plane
• Flat 3-webs of degree one on the projective plane
• Flat webs and homogeneous foliations on the complex projective plane
• Classification of the invariants of foliations by curves of low degree on the three-dimensional projective space
• Classic geometry of certain quadratic foliations
• A criterion for the holomorphy of the curvature of smooth planar webs and applications to dual webs of homogeneous foliations on \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\mathbb{C}}\)
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