Classification of foliations of degree three on \(\mathbb{P}^2_{\mathbb{C}}\) with a flat Legendre transform (Q2115487)

A global \(k\)-web \(\mathcal{W}\) on the complex projective plane \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) is defined by a section of \(H^{0}(\mathbb{P}^{2}, \mathrm{Sym}^k {\Omega}^{1}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}\otimes N)\), where \(N\) is a line bundle of \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}\), called the normal bundle of \(\mathcal{W}\). If we write \(N=\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(d+2k)\), \(d\) is called the degree of \(\mathcal{W}\), and it represents the number of tangencies between \(\mathcal{W}\) and a generic line in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). Locally, around a generic point, a \(k\)-web \(\mathcal{W}\) factorizes as the product of \(k\) pairwise non collinear \(1\)-forms, and it can be represented as \(k\) foliations pairwise transverse. The subset of points where this condition does not hold is called the discriminant \(\Delta(\mathcal{W})\) of \(\mathcal{W}\). The curvature of \(\mathcal{W}\) is a meromorphic \(2\)-form \(K(\mathcal{W})\) canonically associated to \(\mathcal{W}\) with poles contained in \(\Delta(\mathcal{W})\), defined as the sum of Blaschke curvatures of all \(3\)-subwebs of \(\mathcal{W}\). If \(K(\mathcal{W})\) is identically zero, \(\mathcal{W}\) is said to be flat. There exists a correspondence, called Legendre transform, between foliations of degree \(d\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) and global \(d\)-webs on the dual space of \(\mathbb{P}^{2},\) studied by the second author of the work under review and \textit{J. Vitorio} [Asian J. Math. 17, No. 1, 163--192 (2013; Zbl 1330.53020)]. The main contribution of this work (Theorem A) is the classification of the set \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\) of the foliations of degree \(3\) on \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) whose Legendre transform is flat, and where are given sixteen families of foliations, up to an automorphism of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}.\) This result extends a previous result of the authors [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 146, No. 3, 479--516 (2018; Zbl 1435.53024)] about the classification of homogeneous foliations of \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\). As a more important consequence, it is obtained the decomposition of \(\mathbf{FP}(3)\) into its irreducible components by studying the orbits of the above families under the action of the automorphisms of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). Moreover, the authors also discuss nice applications to the classification of the convex foliations of degree three of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\), up to automorphism of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). This work contains interesting results concerning algebriac foliations in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\).