Critical droplets and sharp asymptotics for Kawasaki dynamics with strongly anisotropic interactions

DOI10.1007/S10955-022-02874-XzbMATH Open1484.60075arXiv2108.03133OpenAlexW4210598839MaRDI QIDQ2116495FDOQ2116495

Simone Baldassarri, Francesca Romana Nardi

Publication date: 17 March 2022

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we analyze metastability and nucleation in the context of the Kawasaki dynamics for the two-dimensional Ising lattice gas at very low temperature. Let $Lambdasubsetmathbb{Z}^2$ be a finite box. Particles perform simple exclusion on $Lambda$, but when they occupy neighboring sites they feel a binding energy $-U_1<0$ in the horizontal direction and $-U_2<0$ in the vertical one. Thus the Kawasaki dynamics is conservative inside the volume $Lambda$. Along each bond touching the boundary of $Lambda$ from the outside to the inside, particles are created with rate $$, while along each bond from the inside to the outside, particles are annihilated with rate $1$, where $$ is the inverse temperature and $Delta>0$ is an activity parameter. Thus, the boundary of $Lambda$ plays the role of an infinite gas reservoir with density $ho$. We consider the parameter regime $U_1>2U_2$ also known as the strongly anisotropic regime. We take $Deltain(U_1,U_1+U_2)$, so that the empty (respectively full) configuration is a metastable (respectively stable) configuration. We investigate how the transition from empty to full takes place with particular attention to the critical configurations that asymptotically have to be crossed with probability 1. The derivation of some geometrical properties of the saddles allows us to identify the full geometry of the minimal gates and their boundaries for the nucleation in the strongly anisotropic case. We observe very different behaviors for this case with respect to the isotropic ($U_1=U_2$) and weakly anisotropic ($U_1<2U_2$) ones. Moreover, we derive mixing time, spectral gap and sharp estimates for the asymptotic transition time for the strongly anisotropic case.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.03133

zbMATH Keywords

large deviationsKawasaki dynamicsmetastabilitypotential theorycritical dropletlattice gaspathwise approach

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Markov chains (discrete-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces) (60J10) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and systems on graphs in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C20) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26)

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Cited In (9)

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