Inequalities between torsional rigidity and principal eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian
Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators (49R05)
In this paper ``Inequalities between torsional rigidity and principal eigenvalue of the \(p\)-Laplacian, the authors are interested in minimizing (and maximizing) the following quantity \[ \lambda_p^\alpha(\Omega)T_p^\beta(\Omega) \] for a given open set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d\) with finite Lebesgue measure \(|\Omega|\), \(\alpha,\beta\) positive real parameters and torsional rigidity and principal eigenvalue, related do the \(p\)-Laplace operator \[ \Delta_pu:=\mathrm{div}(\nabla u)^{p-2}\nabla u\,, \] that are respectively defined by \[ T_p(\Omega):=\max\{\frac{\left(\int_\Omega|u|\,dx\right)^p}{\int_\Omega|\nabla u|^p\,dx}\,:\,u\in W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)\,,\,u\neq 0\} \] and \[ \lambda_p(\Omega):=\min\{\frac{\int_\Omega|\nabla u|^p\,dx}{\int_\Omega|u|^p\,dx}\,:\,u\in W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)\,,\,u\neq 0\}\,. \] The space \(W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)\) is the usual Sobolev space, defined as the completion of \(\mathbf{C}^\infty_c(\Omega)\) with respect to the norm \(\|\nabla u\|_{L^p(\Omega)}\). \noindent The problem is then formulating as minimization (and maximization) of functional \[ F_{p,q}(\Omega):=\frac{\lambda_p(\Omega)T_p^\frac{\beta}{\alpha}(\Omega)}{|\Omega|^{q(p-1)+\frac{p(q-1)}{d}}} \] among the class of open sets \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d\) such that \(0<|\Omega|<\infty\). \noindent In the first three sections of the paper, the problem is studied for \(1<p<\infty\) in different classes of domains (open ball of \(\mathbb{R}^d\) with finite Lebesgue measure, bounded convex open sets and thin domains). The last part of the paper is devoted to the limit cases \(p=1\) and \(p=\infty\). In these cases the authors recover the following limit functionals \[ F_{1,q}(\Omega)=\left(h(\Omega)|\Omega|^\frac{1}{d}\right)^{1-q}\,, \] where \(h(\Omega)\) is the Cheeger constant, and, as pointwise limit of \((F^\frac{1}{p}_{p,q})\) (as \(p\to\infty\)), \[ F_{\infty,q}(\Omega)=\frac{\left(\fint_\Omega d_\Omega(x)\,dx\right)^q}{\rho(\Omega)|\Omega|^\frac{(q-1)}{d}}\,. \] Here \(d_\Omega\) and \(\rho\) are the distance function from \(\partial\Omega\) and the inradius of \(\Omega\), respectively.
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