On graphs with equal total domination and Grundy total domination numbers

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Publication:2118158



Abstract: A sequence (v1,ldots,vk) of vertices in a graph G without isolated vertices is called a total dominating sequence if every vertex vi in the sequence totally dominates at least one vertex that was not totally dominated by v1,ldots,vi−1 and v1,ldots,vk is a total dominating set of G. The length of a shortest such sequence is the total domination number of G (gammat(G)), while the length of a longest such sequence is the Grundy total domination number of G (gammagrt(G)). In this paper we study graphs with equal total and Grundy total domination number. We characterize bipartite graphs with both total and Grundy total domination number equal to 4, and show that there is no connected chordal graph G with gammat(G)=gammagrt(G)=4. The main result of the paper is a characterization of regular bipartite graphs with gammat(G)=gammagrt(G)=6 proved by establishing a surprising correspondence between existence of such graphs and a classical but still open problem of the existence of certain finite projective planes.


A sequence \((v_1,v_2,\dots,v_k)\) of vertices in a graph \(G\) without isolated vertices is called a total dominating sequence if every vertex \(v_i\) in the sequence totally dominates at least one vertex that was not totally dominated by \(\{v_1,\dots, v_{i-1}\}\) and \(\{v_1,\dots,v_k\}\) is a total dominating set of \(G\). The length of a shortest such sequence is the total domination number of \(G\) (\(\gamma_t(G)\)), while the length of a longest such sequence is the Grundy total domination number of \(G\) (\(\gamma^t_{gr}(G)\)). In this paper, the authors first characterize bipartite graphs with both total and Grundy total dominations number equal to 4 and then show that there is no connected chordal graph \(G\) with \(\gamma_t(G)=\gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 4\). Finally, they characterize bipartite graphs with \(\gamma_t(G) =\gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 6\). To state the main results of the paper, we recall some definitions. Two distinct vertices \(u\) and \(v\) of a graph \(G\) are said to be false twins if \(N(u) = N(v)\). A graph is false twin-free (also known as thin) if it has no false twins. For a bipartite graph \(G\) with bipartition sets \(A\) and \(B\), the bipartite complement of \(G\) is the bipartite graph \(G^{bc}\) with the same bipartition sets, where \(a \in A\) is adjacent to \(b\in B\) in \(G^{bc}\) if and only if \(a\) is not adjacent to \(b\) in \(G\). The main results of this paper are: \par 1.) Let \(G\) be a bipartite false twin-free graph. Then \(\gamma_t(G) =\gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 4\) if and only if \(G\) is isomorphic to the graph \(K_{n,n}-M\), \(n \ge 2\), where \(M\) denotes an arbitrary perfect matching of \(K_{n,n}\). \par 2.) There is no connected chordal graph \(G\) with \(\gamma_t(G) = \gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 4\). \par 3.) Let \(G\) be a connected bipartite false twin-free graph. Then \(\gamma_t(G) = \gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 6\) if and only if the bipartite complement of \(G\) is the incidence graph of a projective plane. The authors posed the following interesting conjecture. Conjecture. Let \(G\) be a connected false twin-free graph. Then \(\gamma_t(G) =\gamma^t_{gr}(G) = 4\) if and only if \(G\) is isomorphic to the graph \(K_{n,n}-M\), \(n\geq 3\), where \(M\) denotes an arbitrary perfect matching of \(K_{n,n}\).











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