Rational values of transcendental functions and arithmetic dynamics

DOI10.4171/JEMS/1120MaRDI QIDQ2124237zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 19 April 2022

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.07676

arithmetic dynamics Galois bounds rational points

Heights (11G50) Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.) (11R09) Value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory (30D35) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Expanding holomorphic maps; hyperbolicity; structural stability of holomorphic dynamical systems (37F15) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Height functions; Green functions; invariant measures in arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems (37P30)

Abstract: We count algebraic points of bounded height and degree on the graphs of certain functions analytic on the unit disk, obtaining a bound which is polynomial in the degree and in the logarithm of the multiplicative height. We combine this work with p-adic methods to obtain a lower bound of the form

c D^{n / 4 - v a r e p s i l o n}

on the degree of the splitting field of

P^{c i r c n} (z) = P^{c i r c n} (a l p h a)

, where

P

is a polynomial of degree

D g e q 2

over a number field,

P^{c i r c n}

is its

n

-th iterate and

c

depends effectively on

P, a l p h a

and

v a r e p s i l o n

. Our

c

is positive for each algebraic

a l p h a

for which the set

P^{c i r c n} (a l p h a) : n i n m a t h b b N

is infinite.

Review text

This paper is concerned with counting algebraic points on graphs of certain transcendental functions. Specifically, let \(f\) be an analytic function on the unit disc, let \(\phi=1/(1-|z|)\), and let \(S\) be a subset of the disc containing the open interval \((0,1)\). Moreover, assume that \(f\) decays exponentially with respect to \(\phi\) on \(S\). There are positive constants \(a,b\) with \(b>1\) such that \[ |f(z)|\leq ab^{-\phi(z)}\;\;\;\text{for all \(z\in S\).} \] Then, subject to the conditions above, the authors give an effective bound on the number of algebraic points \(\alpha\in S\cap\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\) of bounded height and of bounded degree whose value \(f(\alpha)\) is similarly algebraic, of bounded height, and of bounded degree. Specifically, they show that the number of such points is \(O(d^9(\log d)^2(\log H)^9)\), where \(d\) and \(H\) are bounds for the relevant degrees and heights respectively. To do this, the authors build on several prior techniques, including one of \textit{D. Masser} [J. Number Theory 131, No. 11, 2037--2046 (2011; Zbl 1267.11091)] for constructing integral polynomials vanishing on the algebraic points of certain curves. In addition, these methods lead to several interesting applications in arithmetic dynamics. For example, combining the count above with Böttcher coordinates and some \(p\)-adic techniques of \textit{P. Ingram} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 45, No. 2, 301--308 (2013; Zbl 1280.37058)] and \textit{L. De Marco} et al. [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2019, No. 8, 2453--2482 (2019; Zbl 1431.37076)], the authors give an explicit bound on the number of irreducible factors of polynomials of the form \(P^{\circ n}(X)-P^{\circ n}(\alpha)\), where \(P\) and \(\alpha\) are both defined over a given number field. Specifically, they show that the number of such irreducible factors is \(O(\deg(P)^{3n/4+\epsilon n})\) for all positive \(\epsilon\).

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