Twisted differential operators of negative level and prismatic crystals

(q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Difference algebra (12H10) Commutative rings of differential operators and their modules (13N10) (p)-adic cohomology, crystalline cohomology (14F30) de Rham cohomology and algebraic geometry (14F40)

Abstract: We introduce twisted differential calculus of negative level and prove a descent theorem: Frobenius pullback provides an equivalence between finitely presented modules endowed with a topologically quasi-nilpotent twisted connection of level minus one and those of level zero. We explain how this is related to the existence of a Cartier operator on prismatic crystals. For the sake of readability, we limit ourselves to the case of dimension one.

Review text

In their seminal work, \textit{B. Bhatt} and \textit{P. Scholze} [Ann. Math. (2) 196, No. 3, 1135--1275 (2022; Zbl 07611906)] introduced two new integral \(p\)-adic cohomology theories in a crystalline flavor: the prismatic cohomology and the \(q\)-crystalline cohomology (Here \(q\) stands for a quantum variable). Moreover, they showed that the prismatic cohomology of certain scheme over a \(q\)-PD pair can be computed by the associated \(q\)-crystalline cohomology in a flavor of the Cartier isomorphism in positive characteristic. The paper under review studies a functor between the coefficients objects (crystals) of these two cohomology theories and show that this functor is an equivalence under certain conditions. On the other hand, \textit{A. Ogus} and \textit{V. Vologodsky} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 106, 1--138 (2007; Zbl 1140.14007)] developed a correspondence between (certain) modules with connection and (certain) Higgs bundles on schemes in characteristic \(p>0\). Later, \textit{A. Shiho} [J. Math. Sci., Tokyo 22, No. 3, 793--875 (2015; Zbl 1332.14032)] gave a local lifting of Ogus-Vologodsky's construction for \(p\)-power torsion objects and the reviewer [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr., Nouv. Sér. 163, 1--133 (2019; Zbl 1427.14048)] globalized Shiho's construction using a site-theoretic construction due to \textit{H. Oyama} [J. Algebr. Geom. 26, No. 4, 735--802 (2017; Zbl 1400.14059)]. The strategy of the present paper follows a similar line of these works. More precisely, the authors introduced the notion of \textit{twisted \(q\)-connection of level \(-m\)} (called twisted connection of level \(-m\) in the paper) on modules over a formal smooth scheme \(\mathcal{X}\) relative to a \((p)_q\)-prism \(R=\mathbb{Z}_p[ [q-1]]\) for every integer \(m\ge 0\). When \(q=1\), this notion specializes to \textit{\(p^m\)-connection}. Given a Frobenius morphism \(F\) on \(\mathcal{X}\) (which exists locally), the authors construct a functor \(F^*\) from the category of modules with twisted \(q\)-connection of level \(-m\) to that of level \(-m+1\) and show that it is an equivalence if \(m=1\). If \(\overline{\mathcal{X}}\) denotes certain reduction of \(\mathcal{X}\), there is a canonical functor from the category of prismatic crystals (resp. \(q\)-crystalline crystals) on \(\overline{\mathcal{X}}/R\) to that of modules with twisted \(q\)-connection of level \(-1\) (resp. \(0\)). Using a site-theoretic construction, the authors define a functor \(C^{-1}\) (called \textit{Cartier descent}) from prismatic crystals to \(q\)-crystalline crystals and show its compatibility with the functor \(F^*\).

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