Regularising transformations for complex differential equations with movable algebraic singularities

DOI10.1007/S11040-022-09417-6MaRDI QIDQ2124663zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Thomas Kecker, Galina Filipuk

Publication date 11 April 2022

Published in Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03432

zbMATH Keywords

complex differential equationmovable algebraic singularityspace of initial values and blow-up

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M04) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55)

Abstract: In a 1979 paper, K. Okamoto introduced the space of initial values for the six Painlev'e equations and their associated Hamiltonian systems, showing that these define regular initial value problems at every point of an augmented phase space, a rational surface with certain exceptional divisors removed. We show that the construction of the space of initial values remains meaningful for certain classes of second-order complex differential equations, and more generally, Hamiltonian systems, where all movable singularities of all their solutions are algebraic poles (by some authors denoted the quasi-Painlev'e property), which is a generalisation of the Painlev'e property. The difference here is that the initial value problems obtained in the extended phase space become regular only after an additional change of dependent and independent variables. Constructing the analogue of space of initial values for these equations in this way also serves as an algorithm to single out, from a given class of equations or system of equations, those equations which are free from movable logarithmic branch points.

Review text

This paper is concerned with an equation of the form \[ y=a_N y^N +\sum^{N-2}_{n=0} a_n(z)y^n \] for \(N=4, 5\), and a Hamiltonian system of the form \(x'=\partial H/\partial y,\) \(y'= -\partial H/\partial x\) with \[ H=\frac{y^N}N - \frac{x^M}M +\sum_{0<iM+jN<MN} \alpha_{ij}(z)x^iy^j \] for \((M,N)=(3,3),\) \((3,4),\) \((4,4).\) For each equation, on the extended phase space \(\mathbb{P}^2\), points of indeterminacy at infinity are resolved by the method of successive blowing-ups, and the space of initial values is constructed. The authors recover the resonance condition, under which every movable singularity along a path of finite length is an algebraic branch point. Then initial value problem for the resulting system of the blow-ups becomes regular, possibly only after an additional change in the dependent and independent variables.

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Cited in

(9)

• Regularising transformations for the (n,n+1)-Liénard equations
• A short note on the Painlevé XXV-Ermakov equation
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