Variations of Lehmer's conjecture for Ramanujan's tau-function

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Abstract: We consider natural variants of Lehmer's unresolved conjecture that Ramanujan's tau-function never vanishes. Namely, for n>1 we prove that au(n) ot in {pm 1, pm 3, pm 5, pm 7, pm 691}. This result is an example of general theorems for newforms with trivial mod 2 residual Galois representation, which will appear in forthcoming work of the authors with Wei-Lun Tsai. Ramanujan's well-known congruences for au(n) allow for the simplified proof in these special cases. We make use of the theory of Lucas sequences, the Chabauty-Coleman method for hyperelliptic curves, and facts about certain Thue equations.


\textit{D. H. Lehmer} said in his paper [Duke Math. J. 14, 429--433 (1947; Zbl 0029.34502)], ``The Vanishing of Ramanujan's Tau function \(\tau(n)\), that it is natural to ask whether any given integer \(n\) is a value of \(\tau(n)\). In this paper, the authors prove that Ramanujan's Tau function \(\tau(n)\not \in\{\pm 1,\pm 3, \pm 5, \pm 7, \pm 691\}\) with \(n>1\). Ramanujan's classical congruences for the Tau-function allow for the simplified proof in these special cases. In the proofs, they use skillfully the result of \textit{Yu. Bilu} et al. [J. Reine Angew. Math. 539, 75--122 (2001; Zbl 0995.11010)] about primitive divisors of Lucas sequences, the Chabauty-Coleman method for hyperelliptic curves, and facts about certain Thue equations.





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