Refinements of topological invariants of flows

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2021191MaRDI QIDQ2131182zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 April 2022

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.00849

Hamiltonian flow Morse flow Morse graph orbit space quotient space time-one map topological invariant topological space

Stability of topological dynamical systems (37B25) Gradient-like behavior; isolated (locally maximal) invariant sets; attractors, repellers for topological dynamical systems (37B35) Generic properties, structural stability of dynamical systems (37C20) Orbit growth in dynamical systems (37C35) Stability theory for smooth dynamical systems (37C75) Flows on surfaces (37E35) Relations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry, etc.) (37J39) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46) Quotient spaces, decompositions in general topology (54B15)

Abstract: We construct topological invariants, called abstract weak orbit spaces, of flows and homeomorphisms on topological spaces, to describe both gradient dynamics and recurrent dynamics. In particular, the abstract weak orbit spaces of flows on topological spaces are generalizations of both Morse graphs of flows on compact metric spaces and Reeb graphs of Hamiltonian flows with finitely many singular points on surfaces. Moreover, we show that the abstract weak orbit spaces are complete and finite for several kinds of flows on manifolds, and we state several examples whose Morse graphs are singletons but whose abstract weak orbit spaces are not singletons. In addition, we consider when the time-one map reconstructs the topology of the original flow. Therefore we show that the orbit space of a Hamiltonian flow with finitely many singular points on a compact surface is homeomorphic to the abstract weak orbit space of the time-one map by taking an arbitrarily small reparametrization, and that the abstract weak orbit spaces of a Morse flow on a compact manifold and the time-one map are homeomorphic. Furthermore, the abstract weak orbit space of a Morse flow on a closed manifold is a refinement of the CW decomposition which consists of the unstable manifolds of singular points. Though the CW decomposition of a Morse flow on a closed manifold is finite, the intersection of the unstable manifold and the stable manifold of saddles of a Morse-Smale flow on a closed manifold need not consist of finitely many connected components (or equivalently need not consist of finitely many abstract weak orbits). Therefore we study the finiteness of abstract weak orbit spaces of Morse(-Smale) flow on compact manifolds.

Review text

Taking into account the question of reducing dynamical systems into finite topological invariants, the author introduces a directed structure on the orbit space and constructs topological invariants of flows (continuous \(\mathbb R\)-actions) and homeomorphisms on topological spaces. These invariants are called abstract orbit spaces and abstract weak orbit spaces, too involved to be described here in a few lines. Then, among other results, the author proves that the abstract weak orbit spaces are refinements of Morse graphs of flows on compact metric spaces, Reeb graphs of Hamiltonian flows with finitely many singular points on surfaces, and CW decompositions, which consist of the unstable manifolds of singular points for Morse flows on closed manifolds. Another interesting question is to know when the time-one map of a flow can allow the reconstruction of the topology of the original flow. The author proves that this is possible for Hamiltonian flows with finitely many singular points on a compact manifold and for Morse flows on compact manifolds: (i) For any Hamiltonian flow \(v\) with finitely many singular points on a compact surface, there is an arbitrarily small reparametrization \(w\) of \(v\) with the compact-open topology such that the orbit space of \(v\) is homeomorphic to the abstract weak orbit space of the time-one map of the reparametrization \(w\) (see Theorem 6.3) ; (ii) The (second) abstract weak orbit space of a Morse-Smale flow on a compact manifold is homeomorphic to the second abstract weak orbit space of the time-one map (see Theorem 6.5); (iii) The abstract weak orbit space of a Morse flow on a compact manifold is homeomorphic to the abstract weak orbit space of the time-one map (see Corollary 6) . The paper finishes with a series of examples illustrating the case where the abstract weak orbit space is a singleton, and the situation corresponding to Morse graphs which are singletons but their abstract weak orbit spaces are not singletons. It is worth emphasizing the clear organization of the contents, being as self-contained as possible, and the very nice figures accompanying the theoretic explanation in several parts of the paper.

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