Frobenius-Witt differentials and regularity
In [J. Algebra 524, 110--123 (2019; Zbl 1408.13054)], the authors introduced the module of total \(p\)-differentials for a ring over \(\mathbb{Z}/p^{2}\). The paper under review studies a similar construction for a ring over \(\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}\). Given a (commutative) ring \(R\), an \(R\)-module \(M\) and a prime number \(p\), the paper defines a Frobenius-Witt derivation (or a FW-derivation) from \(A\) to \(M\) as a mapping \(w:A\rightarrow M\) such that \(w(a+b) = w(a) + w(b) - P(a, b)w(p)\) and \(w(ab) = b^{p}w(a)+a^{p}w(b)\) where \(P = \sum_{i=1}^{p-1}{\frac{(p-1)!}{i!(p-i)!}}X^{i}Y^{p-i}\in\mathbb{Z}[X, Y]\). It is shown that there exists a universal pair of an \(A\)-module \(F\Omega_{A}^{1}\) and an FW-derivation \(w:A\rightarrow F\Omega_{A}^{1}\) called the \textit{module of} FW-\textit{differentials} of \(A\) and the \textit{universal} FW-\textit{derivation}, respectively. The main result of the paper under review is a proof of a regularity criterion in this case. It says that under a suitable finitness condition, a Noetherian local ring \(A\) with residue field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\) is regular if and only if the \(A/pA\)-module of FW-differentials \(F\Omega_{A}^{1}\) is free of rank \(d+r\) where \(d = \dim A\) and \([k:k^{p}] = p^{r}\). The construction of \(F\Omega_{A}^{1}\) is sheafified and the author obtains a sheaf of FW-differentials \(F\Omega_{X}^{1}\) on a scheme \(X\). It is used in [\textit{T. Saito}, Algebra Number Theory 16, No. 2, 335--368 (2022; Zbl 07516272)] to define the cotangent bundle and the microsupport of an étale sheaf in mixed characteristic. The last part of the paper under review studies the relation of \(F\Omega_{X}^{1}\) with \(\mathcal{H}_{1}\) of cotangent complexes.
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