A series representation of Euler-Stieltjes constants and an identity of Ramanujan
Dirichlet \(L\)-seriesfunctional equationgamma functiongeneralized Euler constantsWeierstrass product formula
(zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06) Evaluation of number-theoretic constants (11Y60) Dirichlet series, exponential series and other series in one complex variable (30B50) Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Gamma, beta and polygamma functions (33B15)
Euler-Stieltjes constants arise from the Laurent expansion of the Riemann zeta function at \(s=1\). These constants were studied extensively in the literature for their rich structural properties. Recently, they were effectively used for the resolution of a conjecture on the convexity of zeta functions: [\textit{E. Alkan}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 472, No. 2, 1987--2016 (2019; Zbl 1471.11230)]. Their further analysis led to the discovery of new biases for Mertens sums and sums over prime numbers: [\textit{E. Alkan}, Int. J. Number Theory 16, No. 3, 547--577 (2020; Zbl 1437.11128); Res. Number Theory 6, No. 3, Paper No. 36, 28 p. (2020; Zbl 1472.11324)]. In this paper, the authors present other surprising applications of Euler-Stieltjes constants. First they obtain alternative representations of these constants with the help of partial gamma functions. This in turn leads to a new formula for the \(k\)-th order derivative of an \(L\)-function at \(s=1\) whose coefficients are periodic. This can be seen as a great generalization of Dirichlet's formula for the \(L\)-functions corresponding to Dirichlet characters. Along the way, the authors also study functional equations, Weierstrass type products and reflection formulas for the partial gamma functions. By looking at this paper, it should be clear that applications of Euler-Stieltjes constants to different problems in number theory and analysis are far from being exhausted.
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