Second-order PDEs in 3D with Einstein-Weyl conformal structure

DOI10.1007/S00023-021-01140-2zbMATH Open1492.35333OpenAlexW3146588112WikidataQ114232014 ScholiaQ114232014MaRDI QIDQ2145158FDOQ2145158

Authors: S. Berjawi, E. V. Ferapontov, Boris Kruglikov, V. S. Novikov 

Publication date: 17 June 2022

Published in: Annales Henri Poincaré (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Einstein-Weyl geometry is a triple (D,g,w), where D is a symmetric connection, [g] is a conformal structure and w is a covector such that: (i) connection D preserves the conformal class [g], that is, Dg=wg; (ii) trace-free part of the symmetrised Ricci tensor of D vanishes. Three-dimensional Einstein-Weyl structures arise naturally on solutions of second-order dispersionless integrable PDEs in 3D. In this context, [g] coincides with the characteristic conformal structure and is therefore uniquely determined by the equation. On the contrary, the covector w is a somewhat more mysterious object, recovered from the Einstein-Weyl conditions. We demonstrate that, for generic second-order PDEs (for instance, for all equations not of Monge-Ampere type), the covector w is also expressible in terms of the equation, thus providing an efficient dispersionless integrability test. The knowledge of g and w provides a dispersionless Lax pair by an explicit formula which is apparently new. Some partial classification results of PDEs with Einstein-Weyl characteristic conformal structure are obtained. A rigidity conjecture is proposed according to which for any generic second-order PDE with Einstein-Weyl property, all dependence on the 1-jet variables can be eliminated via a suitable contact transformation.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.02716

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zbMATH Keywords

characteristic varietyEinstein-Weyl geometrycontact symmetrydispersionless integrabilitydispersionless Lax pairMonge-Ampère property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Monge-Ampère equations (35J96) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35) Applications of local differential geometry to the sciences (53B50) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Einstein equations (35Q76) Other special differential geometries (53A40)

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Cited In (6)

• Integrability via geometry: dispersionless differential equations in three and four dimensions
• Second-order PDEs in four dimensions with half-flat conformal structure
• Recurrent Lorentzian Weyl spaces
• Two-component integrable extension of general heavenly equation
• A quadric ansatz method for a certain class of second order PDEs
• Deformations of dispersionless Lax systems ^*

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