Second-order PDEs in 3D with Einstein-Weyl conformal structure
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characteristic varietycontact symmetrydispersionless integrabilitydispersionless Lax pairEinstein-Weyl geometryMonge-Ampère property
Monge-Ampère equations (35J96) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Einstein equations (35Q76) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K35) Other special differential geometries (53A40) Applications of local differential geometry to the sciences (53B50) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25)
Abstract: Einstein-Weyl geometry is a triple (D,g,w), where D is a symmetric connection, [g] is a conformal structure and w is a covector such that: (i) connection D preserves the conformal class [g], that is, Dg=wg; (ii) trace-free part of the symmetrised Ricci tensor of D vanishes. Three-dimensional Einstein-Weyl structures arise naturally on solutions of second-order dispersionless integrable PDEs in 3D. In this context, [g] coincides with the characteristic conformal structure and is therefore uniquely determined by the equation. On the contrary, the covector w is a somewhat more mysterious object, recovered from the Einstein-Weyl conditions. We demonstrate that, for generic second-order PDEs (for instance, for all equations not of Monge-Ampere type), the covector w is also expressible in terms of the equation, thus providing an efficient dispersionless integrability test. The knowledge of g and w provides a dispersionless Lax pair by an explicit formula which is apparently new. Some partial classification results of PDEs with Einstein-Weyl characteristic conformal structure are obtained. A rigidity conjecture is proposed according to which for any generic second-order PDE with Einstein-Weyl property, all dependence on the 1-jet variables can be eliminated via a suitable contact transformation.
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Cited in
(8)- Integrability via geometry: dispersionless differential equations in three and four dimensions
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