Integrable background geometries

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2014.034MaRDI QIDQ2447892zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David M. J. Calderbank

Publication date 29 April 2014

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3471, http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/2014/034/index.html

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zbMATH Keywords

integrable systemsgauge theorytwistor theoryYang-Mills equationheavenly equationsselfdualityhyperCR Einstein-Weyl equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Twistor theory, double fibrations (complex-analytic aspects) (32L25) Hamiltonian systems on groups of diffeomorphisms and on manifolds of mappings and metrics (37K65) Local differential geometry of Hermitian and Kählerian structures (53B35) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Invariance and symmetry properties for PDEs on manifolds (58J70) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25)

Abstract: This work has its origins in an attempt to describe systematically the integrable geometries and gauge theories in dimensions one to four related to twistor theory. In each such dimension, there is a nondegenerate integrable geometric structure, governed by a nonlinear integrable differential equation, and each solution of this equation determines a background geometry on which, for any Lie group $G$, an integrable gauge theory is defined. In four dimensions, the geometry is selfdual conformal geometry and the gauge theory is selfdual Yang-Mills theory, while the lower-dimensional structures are nondegenerate (i.e., non-null) reductions of this. Any solution of the gauge theory on a $k$-dimensional geometry, such that the gauge group $H$ acts transitively on an $ell$-manifold, determines a $(k+ell)$-dimensional geometry ($k+ellleqslant4$) fibering over the $k$-dimensional geometry with $H$ as a structure group. In the case of an $ell$-dimensional group $H$ acting on itself by the regular representation, all $(k+ell)$-dimensional geometries with symmetry group $H$ are locally obtained in this way. This framework unifies and extends known results about dimensional reductions of selfdual conformal geometry and the selfdual Yang-Mills equation, and provides a rich supply of constructive methods. In one dimension, generalized Nahm equations provide a uniform description of four pole isomonodromic deformation problems, and may be related to the $mSU(infty)$ Toda and dKP equations via a hodograph transformation. In two dimensions, the $mDiff(S^1)$ Hitchin equation is shown to be equivalent to the hyperCR Einstein-Weyl equation, while the $mSDiff(Sigm{a}^2)$ Hitchin equation leads to a Euclidean analogue of Plebanski's heavenly equations.

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Cited in

(28)

• Nonlinear, nondispersive wave equations: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions in the hodograph transformation
• Null Kähler geometry and isomonodromic deformations
• Characteristic Lie algebras of integrable differential-difference equations in 3D
• GL(2)-geometry and complex structures
• The quadric ansatz for the \(mn\)-dispersionless KP equation, and supersymmetric Einstein-Weyl spaces
• On deformations of the dispersionless Hirota equation
• Integrability via geometry: dispersionless differential equations in three and four dimensions
• On a class of 2D integrable lattice equations
• Recurrent Lorentzian Weyl spaces
• Dispersionless integrable systems and the Bogomolny equations on an Einstein-Weyl geometry background
• Einstein-Weyl spaces and dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation from Painlevé I and II
• Anti-self-dual conformal structures with null Killing vectors from projective structures
• SDYM equations on the self-dual background
• Manton's five vortex equations from self-duality
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6781537 (Why is no real title available?)
• On the Einstein-Weyl and conformal self-duality equations
• Second-order PDEs in 3D with Einstein-Weyl conformal structure
• Webs and the Plebański equation
• A dispersionless integrable system associated to \(\text{Diff}(S^1)\) gauge theory
• Dispersionless integrable hierarchies and \(GL (2,\mathbb{R})\) geometry
• Integrable dispersionless PDEs in 4D, their symmetry pseudogroups and deformations
• Einstein metrics, projective structures and the \(\mathrm{SU}(\infty)\) Toda equation
• Differential invariants of Einstein-Weyl structures in 3D
• Matrix extension of the Manakov-Santini system and an integrable chiral model on an Einstein-Weyl background
• Zero-curvature subconformal structures and dispersionless integrability in dimension five
• Deformations of dispersionless Lax systems ^*
• Twistor theory at fifty: from contour integrals to twistor strings
• Self-dual gravity via Hitchin’s equations

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