Integrable background geometries

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2014.034zbMATH Open1288.53074arXiv1403.3471OpenAlexW2093350371MaRDI QIDQ2447892FDOQ2447892

Authors: David M. J. Calderbank 

Publication date: 29 April 2014

Published in: SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This work has its origins in an attempt to describe systematically the integrable geometries and gauge theories in dimensions one to four related to twistor theory. In each such dimension, there is a nondegenerate integrable geometric structure, governed by a nonlinear integrable differential equation, and each solution of this equation determines a background geometry on which, for any Lie group $G$, an integrable gauge theory is defined. In four dimensions, the geometry is selfdual conformal geometry and the gauge theory is selfdual Yang-Mills theory, while the lower-dimensional structures are nondegenerate (i.e., non-null) reductions of this. Any solution of the gauge theory on a $k$-dimensional geometry, such that the gauge group $H$ acts transitively on an $ell$-manifold, determines a $(k+ell)$-dimensional geometry ($k+ellleqslant4$) fibering over the $k$-dimensional geometry with $H$ as a structure group. In the case of an $ell$-dimensional group $H$ acting on itself by the regular representation, all $(k+ell)$-dimensional geometries with symmetry group $H$ are locally obtained in this way. This framework unifies and extends known results about dimensional reductions of selfdual conformal geometry and the selfdual Yang-Mills equation, and provides a rich supply of constructive methods. In one dimension, generalized Nahm equations provide a uniform description of four pole isomonodromic deformation problems, and may be related to the $mSU(infty)$ Toda and dKP equations via a hodograph transformation. In two dimensions, the $mDiff(S^1)$ Hitchin equation is shown to be equivalent to the hyperCR Einstein-Weyl equation, while the $mSDiff(Sigm{a}^2)$ Hitchin equation leads to a Euclidean analogue of Plebanski's heavenly equations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3471

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zbMATH Keywords

integrable systemsgauge theorytwistor theoryYang-Mills equationheavenly equationsselfdualityhyperCR Einstein-Weyl equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Twistor theory, double fibrations (complex-analytic aspects) (32L25) Hamiltonian systems on groups of diffeomorphisms and on manifolds of mappings and metrics (37K65) Local differential geometry of Hermitian and Kählerian structures (53B35) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Invariance and symmetry properties for PDEs on manifolds (58J70) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20) Analogues of general relativity in lower dimensions (83C80) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with topology, geometry and differential geometry (37K25)

Cited In (28)

• Nonlinear, nondispersive wave equations: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions in the hodograph transformation
• Null Kähler geometry and isomonodromic deformations
• On a class of 2D integrable lattice equations
• Integrability via geometry: dispersionless differential equations in three and four dimensions
• On deformations of the dispersionless Hirota equation
• Recurrent Lorentzian Weyl spaces
• Dispersionless integrable hierarchies and GL(2, ℝ) geometry
• Dispersionless integrable systems and the Bogomolny equations on an Einstein-Weyl geometry background
• Einstein-Weyl spaces and dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation from Painlevé I and II
• SDYM equations on the self-dual background
• Anti-self-dual conformal structures with null Killing vectors from projective structures
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On the Einstein-Weyl and conformal self-duality equations
• Second-order PDEs in 3D with Einstein-Weyl conformal structure
• Webs and the Plebański equation
• A dispersionless integrable system associated to \(\text{Diff}(S^1)\) gauge theory
• GL(2)‐geometry and complex structures
• The quadric ansatz for the mn-dispersionless KP equation, and supersymmetric Einstein–Weyl spaces
• Einstein metrics, projective structures and the \(\mathrm{SU}(\infty)\) Toda equation
• Integrable dispersionless PDEs in 4D, their symmetry pseudogroups and deformations
• Differential invariants of Einstein-Weyl structures in 3D
• Matrix extension of the Manakov-Santini system and an integrable chiral model on an Einstein-Weyl background
• Zero-curvature subconformal structures and dispersionless integrability in dimension five
• Deformations of dispersionless Lax systems ^*
• Twistor theory at fifty: from contour integrals to twistor strings
• Manton’s five vortex equations from self-duality
• Self-dual gravity via Hitchin’s equations
• Characteristic Lie algebras of integrable differential-difference equations in 3D

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